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2012-01-28T04:09:00.000-08:00

Ayas-Yumurtalık (Aegea)

2012-01-28T03:53:00.000-08:00

Ceyhan and 34 km away from the seaside resort city of Adana in the ovary, in the district are the remains of the ancient city of Aegean. On a small island located approximately 200 meters off the coast, the ruins of the city can be monitored Aegae.

Ovarian beach is very suitable for swimming. Small but very clean and the families who have been the choice is not too crowded beach. Environment, small hotels, hostels and there are fish restaurants.

Ancient Greek for "goat" is derived from the word meaning AIKS Aigeai, Ayas was dominated by Arabs, Venetians, moved during the Lajazzo names. The name has been used in the Ayas from the Ottoman period.

Aigea (Ayas-egg), north of the BC IV. Dara is the last quarter century, Alexander the Great, Emperor of Persia after the defeat of the plain between today's Iskenderun Dortyol Macedonian successors to Alexander the Great's commanders, as a port city, was founded by.

Ancient Greek city, "goat" is derived from the word meaning AIKS Aigeai name was given to Alexander the Great's army during the march against Dara'ya when it comes to this region, in the face of Persia finds a huge army and attacked the garrison at night, torches tied goats' horns, giving the impression that you are connected with the abduction of a As the legendary history of Alexander the period described by the authors. BC I. Century, the most brilliant period of history began to experience the city's name printed on the coins of the Hellenistic period, the reason this story is due to a relief of goats.

In recognition of all the Mediterranean countries Aigeai'nin the ancient world's most important to be here in one of three hospitals and health care in this facility is due to the presence in this city, the temple of the god Askiepios. Askiepios temple and around the hospital, the city has become a major source of income.

The city, through the transfer of the Roman Empire in Anatolia and Mesopotamia to Syria, on the main road is a very important naval base, many of the Roman Emperor, have faced the east, to make the journey here. The city, therefore, given to him by the Roman emperors, as well as the name of Aigeai Hadriane, Kommodiane, Severiane, Aleksandrapolis and Makrinopolis also carried names such as the honorific. Thus Aigeai has become one of the most important ports in the Eastern Mediterranean.

Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire, and one great emperor Constantine, who made witchcraft Askiepios temples, citing all the orders for the destruction of the temples of the god of health, MS Instead of completely demolishing the temple in 326 Askiepios a church was built.

VII-X centuries, the city completely destroyed in the wars between the Arabs and the Byzantine XI. Ayas from the diocese became the center of a century the name of a famous trading port of the Mediterranean in this period, maintaining the distinction of being one of Ayaş'ta land on the island in the harbor and a castle was built in 1201 two Genoese, the Venetians Ayaş'ta 1261'de establish a commercial colony have had the privilege.

Maritime trade in the hands of the city's main source of income that the Venetians, the city adlandırmaktaydılar Lajazzo. Marco Polo visited the city in 1268, the harbor is full of Venetian and Genoese merchants, and their silk, wool, grain, and mentions the spice trade. Marco Polo visited the city a second time will return to China in 1271. Venedikli'ye Genoese traders running commercial trips to the interior of Cilicia, where they used to do it and the original one had subsidize churches.

Later, the city many times, Ayas, Mamluks, changed hands between Venetians and Genoese. After the Armenian Kingdom of Ayas in 1374 passed into the hands of the Mamluks in 1517, Sultan Selim of the Ottoman Empire came under the sovereignty of the Egyptian expedition.

The period of Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent, all the walls of the city's west side Ayas'ın repaired today, "Solomon's Tower" is a small tower built called. The article ebcet account the history of the tower, built in 1536 by H. 943 and that this date coincides with the Gregorian calendar.

Another historic heritage of the city, stronghold of girls. Girl from the sea at the mouth of the harbor entrance with castle castle Ayas date is located on the side of the island. Girl castle in the late classical period set out the research. Girl fortress protecting the city suffered major attacks, but used to as a customs control center.

Sources consulted on the page is different.

Gleaner
Mehmet Akif OKUR
akif@cukurovalife.com.tr

Bodrumkale-Kastabala

2012-01-28T03:15:00.000-08:00

Osmaniye 12 km. In Adana, 110 km. Located Kastabala relic of the ancient city of Roman period and still contains many important historical event of one of the centers.
Ceyhan River, which is dominated by the plain north of the small between Kesmeburun Bahcekoy with a medieval castle on the rock increases with the name of the Bodrum Castle. Osmaniye Aslantas Dam and Karatepe-Aslantas on the road connecting the open-air museum. The ruins of the ancient city around the castle are still visible today. This is the ancient name of the city but 19 century. At the end of the ancient inscriptions found in here, thanks to the ruined-Kastabala be determined.Since then, researchers of different nations Kastabala'nın monuments, inscriptions, and coins and the history of the ancient city was interested, and thanks to this research illuminate possible.
Roman governors of Rome, which had been ruined and need-Kastabala'da, established the independent kingdoms of that period were found in many inscriptions and coins. This is about the independent kingdoms Kastabala'da BCThe terms suggested by 17. The most important among them, and on behalf of bırakanı Tarkondimotos I was Philopater II. These kings basmışlardı coins on their own behalf. A country's independence and the existence of their own money and that money was for the current being measured.

Kastabala'nın in 524, about 30 km. Anazarbosta causing great devastation of the earthquake in north-west is also influenced Kastabala'yı final. After the earthquake that occurred during the Emperor Justin, the emperor Justinian in 561, a second large earthquake has destroyed more Cilician cities, and starting immediately after the earthquake, an outbreak of plague in Çukurova plain of Amik and spread through all cities, including Antioch, and rural area has caused great loss of life.Middle and late Byzantine periods, the importance of gradually losing itself in a more Kastabala uncollected after the destruction of the Crusades and was completely abandoned after a short period of time.
As in other cities of Cukurova Kastabala'da the MS 2nd Century end and 3 century.the beginning of the Roman legions were dispatched to the front of the east because of increasing eastern voyages of economic and social problems olmaktaydılar why. Of cities to cope with these problems in order to ensure the plains of Cilicia, the cities of emperors launched a heavy construction activity, and these towns were known for their names and referred to the privilege of arranging many games.
The ruins of the ancient building that has survived in very good condition Kastabala'nın most importantly, without a doubt a colonnaded street. Kastabala'yı Karatepe-Aslantaş'a asphalt road that connects approximately 300 m. Some of the observed long colonnaded street. This is the rock on which the castle passed him on the street in which the original settlement area and goes down into the valley extending from the east-west direction.
The city center, the west is bounded by a door to the street with columns believed to have been located where it started. In the south, east and north, the hills surrounding the valley where the city's board, sınırlamaktaydılar city center. Colonnaded street from west to east in the middle of the city center, on the slope of the land in accordance with the rise seen in several of the vault containing the remains of a building through the north of the region believed to be a monumental door reaches the Propylon. This gate is located southwest of the ruins and a large marble architectural fragments belonging to a structure that gives the impression that the infrastructure of a large structure of the vaults. In 1890, during a visit to Kastabala'yı Th. Bnet findings mentioned here today and so far have been much better off now established to be the exact location of the proposed site of the temple of Artemis Perasia. This is the area just west of the church in the north of the Roman empire, was used as the material re-used architectural fragments considering the transfer of a great Roman structure was discovered. After turning to the east, reaching a terrace Propylon'dan colonnaded street. Votive inscriptions found on the terrace, some researchers because of the city's main temple of the goddess Artemis Perasia These recommendations should be looked up here. This terrace, the city's Stadion lies just below the east-west direction. This Stadion east end of the city's west end is constrained by a retaining wall, there is theater. South of the baths are the ruins of the theater. Stadium, theater, and baths, very close to each other in this area where the center of the city's daily life. Perasia religious ceremonies associated with the culture of Artemis and the participation of athletes of various games played in the neighboring cities Stadion, should be directly linked to the sacred precinct of Artemis Perasia.
Bodies formed in the southwestern part of the city column columns in the agora by some researchers, is described by some as the second of a colonnaded street. The city, south, north and west are a large number of graves and tombs. The northern slope of the cliff where the castle and provide ease of transport in order to facilitate the defense of the castle was opened to a rock cut. In addition, A.D. 6. remarkable that the two churches dating from the first half of the century. The building, constructed in the north of them is right next to the street with columns, architectural elements used in making the Roman empire, the transfer of the dismantled buildings. Examine in detail each of two churches O. Feld them 6 dates the first half of the century. Architectural features of the early Byzantine period churches were churches that were in Syria.
Water needs of the city of Ceyhan on the eastern side of the river near the village of Düziçi township Karagedik brought water resources, open source, built on the Ceyhan River Near Narcissus District in stone aqueducts and underground pipes for the transportation of pressurized water to the city by bringing in a compensated moved to the valley of the River Ceyhan.
The inscriptions and coins, as well as the city Kastabala'da Perasia'nın Artemis, Asklepios and Hygieia, Helios, Theos Pyretos worshiped as goddesses they saw the documents. In addition, dead and alive for the emperors of the Roman emperor Kastabala'da diktirilmiş round altars with inscriptions which documents the existence of the cult. Kastabala'da Emperor Caracalla in the inscriptions, III. Hera, wife of Marcus Aurelius, as well as the Gordian Faustinada Nea honors.
Kastabala described above with all the building remains today is an archaeological and natural features that may be parked. In 1994 the south of the ancient city, destroyed churches and colonnaded street, a few meters wide, the water would result in the desired channel to be passed to cause havoc at the beginning of the southern border of the city's notice to the relevant authorities with timely intervention of the city on the western edge of the concrete structural members passing through the lower level of destruction tried to be kept.
It contains the ruins of all kinds of important historical and archaeological monuments Kastabala destruction carefully protected, easily navigated with the guiding plates and make them as descriptive, this eminent of the ancient city of Osmaniye; Karatepe-Aslantas, Kadirli-Flaviopolis and Dilekkaya-Anazarbos with the Çukurova east of the major tourist sites to attain a must.
(In preparation for this article, TUBA (Turkey Science Academy) sources were used.)
Mehmet Akif OKUR
akif@cukurovalife.com.tr

Kusadasi

2012-01-27T13:36:00.001-08:00

Kuşadası is one of Turkey's largest and most cosmopolitan resorts and a stopping off point for the big cruise-liners. It is a good all round resort, offering great beaches, excellent shopping and some serious nightlife. Kuşadası literally means 'Bird Island' and takes its name from the tiny islet known as Güvercin Adası or Pigeon Island, which is attached to the mainland by a causeway and boasts a 14th century Genoese fort. There are a number of sandy beaches in the area. Kadınlar Plajı or 'Ladies Beach' is central but can get crowded so it is wiser in high season to head a little further out of the centre where the beaches are just as sandy but offer more space. Kaleiçi is the old centre of the town and is a popular shopping and entertainment area. The Ottoman Kervansaray or traveler's inn is now in private hands but is an impressive building and a landmark in the town centre. Today's travelers can find comfort in a full range of accommodation in all categories and of all sizes.

Kuşadası's setting also makes it a good base for those wanting to visit Ephesus which is only approximately 30 minutes' drive away.

It is also surrounded by some of Turkey's most beautiful national park including the Kalamaki National Park, which lies on the Dilek Peninsula, approx. 30 kms to the south. Dense pine trees cover the mountains which plunge dramatically down to beaches and crystal-clear sea. Some of Turkey's rarest wild animals can be found here including the Anatolian cheetah and wild horses. Sundays are often busy with local visitors. Another stunning spot in the vicinity is Lake Bafa which is approx, 80 kms south east of Kuşadası.

Bodrum

2012-01-27T13:34:00.001-08:00

A world renowned holiday and entertainment peninsula, Bodrum is a paradise for its climate, sea, natural beauty, magnificent coves and history, as well as for its modern nightlife where the show goes on until sunrise. Its many resorts and hotels cater for every need of their visitors. Since the dawn of the time, Bodrum, known in antiquity as Halircarnasus, has amazed human beings, and carried imprint of many cultures and civilizations, including the Carian, Leleges', Persian, Dorian, Helen, Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman.

Sights & Attractions:

The seaside villages, bays and coves of Bodrum, Gümbet, Bitez, Ortakent, Bağla, Aspat, Karaincir, Akyarlar, Turgutreis, Gümüşlük, Yalıkavak, Gündoğan, Göltürkbükü, Torba, Güllük, are world-famous, and each has its own charm and peculiarities.

Bodrum Castle, built by The Knights of St. John, which has become a symbol of the peninsula. At present it hosts the Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology which was awarded the 'Certificate of Special Commendation' in the 'European Museum of the Year Award' competition in 1995. For the history enthusiast, another must see place in Bodrum is the remains of the Mausoleum.

Blue Voyage: The Blue Voyage, also known as the Blue Cruise ("Mavi Yolculuk" in Turkish) is a term used for the recreational boating tours departing from Bodrum, Marmaris, Fethiye, Gökova, Fethiye and Antalya. These trips are a unique tranquil holidays to enjoy the beautiful bays and coves which can only be reached by sea, to swim in unpolluted waters in a myriad of shades of blue, to visit magnificent antique sites such as Knidos.

Where to Go

GümbetNamed after the domed water-cisterns that speckle the countryside near-by, Gümbet is the closest beach to Bodrum - just 10 minutes away by car - and is very popular with British holidaymakers, many of whom choose to stay here close to the beach and venture into Bodrum at night. As it has grown in popularity, however, Gümbet has developed in its own right and now offers a wide choice of lively bars and restaurants, popular with a young crowd. Its long sandy beach is lined with hotels and pensions which attract many young people and water-sports enthusiasts with its large windsurfing school and diving courses.

GümüşlükReached by a winding road from Gürece, Gümüşlük is very popular for its secluded setting. Ever since being designated as an archaelogical site, no major buildings have been allowed to alter the landscape, making it a very pleasant place to stay with its unspoilt scenery, long sand and gravel beach and a handful of excellent fish restaurants perched right on the sea-front. The site of the ancient Myndos, Gümüşlük is scattered with remnants of its historical past: as you look out towards the harbour you will spot the fortification wall, an ancient tower and submerged walls. Also, if you walk towards the south end of the beach, you will also be able to swim very close to some of the ruins, making it the perfect spot for snorkeling. Gümüşlük is accessible by dolmuş from Bodrum or from Turgutreis.

TurgutreisA sophisticated new marina adorns the waterfront at Turgutreis, complete with exclusive cafes, restaurants and boutiques, as well as a host of new bars and discos. Thought not very sandy, its beach is very popular with families because the sea is shallow for quite a way out, making it safer for young children. For a more peaceful alternative to the main beach, there is also a long and sandy beach near the lighthouse on the way towards Akyarlar. There is also good access to Bodrum from Turgutreis, with a regular dolmuş service that stops at the main square in Turgutreis.

YalıkavakFormerly the area's main sponge-fishing port, the village of Yalıkavak maintains a relaxing atmosphere for quaint seaside eating. Its position in the north-western corner of the peninsula, 18 km from Bodrum means it is one of the least developed spots in the area with fewer hotels and self-catering apartments, making it an enjoyable stay away from the crowds. As you reach the bay, you will notice the ruins of three old windmills on the hills - the hills around the village are also perfect for picnics and walks, particularly in the spring when they are covered with a colourful carpet of wild flowers bursting newly into bloom.

TürkbüküTürkbükü is one of the Bodrum's best-kept secrets with its array of exclusive hotels, excellent sea-front restaurant s situated on wooden piers and trendy bars that burst into life after sunset. By day, its beach-front cafes and hotels are havens for the jet-set, with fantastic views of the beautiful bay and wooden platforms dotted with sophisticated sun-loungers from which to swim.

BitezBitez lies on a bay, a few kilometers west from Bodrum, attracting an older, more up-market crowd. The gently-sloping coarses and beach has wooden piers for swimming and is lined whitewashed hotels and resort villas, whilst also host to a popular windsurfing and sailing school - Its sheltered cove and swallow water are perfect for beginners. Backed by lush tangerine orchards, Bitez is perfect for those who want to escape the crowds, whilst also having good access to Bodrum with direct dolmuşes to and from the city.

OrtakentYou can reach Ortakent from the main highway west of Bodrum and it is very popular with Turkish families. Its two-kilometer long beach is considered by many to be one of the best on the peninsula and is dotted with several restaurants, motels and some unique tower-houses.

Antique Cities 3; Antalya - Selinus

2009-12-16T07:24:00.000-08:00

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The city is located 3 km on the south of Gazipasa, about 45 km away from Alanya. The city is on a skirt of hill extending to the sea in an elbow shape. The acropolis of the city is found on the hill. There is a cradle vaulted, two-roomed bath iat the point where Selinus (Haci Musa) meets the sea. The columns of Agora on the sea side have been lost, but stylobat traces can still be seen. Further east from Agora, a building with apsis can be seen. It is extremely likely that the building was established in a religious temple. There is a monumental structure on the east of the church. The entrance door, being the only Islamic structure of the city, is surrounded with zigzag motives of Lescuklu which are presented in a colourful manner. These must have been the ruins of a mansion. There is a tomb structure present in the cemetery, which is nekropol of the city. This shows that the custom of burial in the best possible way was also used here. Some parts of the water canals of the region still survive to this day. The Roman Emperor Traianus died in the city; his ashes were buried in Rome. The ruins date back from Roman, Byzantine and Middle Ages.

Antique Cities 2 ; Antalya - Daglik

2009-12-16T07:21:00.000-08:00

It is located within the borders of Guneykoy, 18 km away from the Gazipasa district. It falls into the borders of the region, known as Mountainous Kilikya in Ancient Times. The name of the town comes from Antiochust 4, the King of Kommagene. The ruins are collected on three hills. In the first one, is the region consisting of the agora, bath, victory line and church. The second part is the nekropol area with tomb structures unique to the Kilikya region. The third part is the ruins of the castle built on the sharp rocky area extending to the sea on the west. On the north of the city, there is ruin of a temple whose architectural components are still seen. There is a building which had religious functions in the apsis of three walls called trikonkhos. The ruins are dated from Roman, Byzantine and Middle Age.

Antique Cities 1; Adana - Anavarza

2009-12-16T07:17:00.000-08:00

This site which was known as Caesarea or Anazarbus during the times of the Roman Empire, is 28 km to the south of the Kozan District of the Adana province. The small village built just outside the antique city walls is Dilekkaya.

We have practically no knowledge of the history of the city before the Roman Empire era. It was named Caesarea by Emperor Augustus who visited the city in 19 B.C. and it started to be known as "Caesarea near Anazarbus". Anavarza did not show any significant presence during the first two centuries of the Roman Empire period and was shadowed by Tarsus, the capital of the Cilicia state. Tarsus managed to survive to the present times but lost the majority of its historical monuments. The city Isos, which the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus entered with Pescennius Niger and sided with Severus during the power struggle, was rewarded when the Emperor won his battle in 192 A.D. and became the sole ruler of the empire, started to enjoy its days of glory. In the period 204-205 AD Cilicia became the metropolis of the Isaura and Licaonia states. In 206 AD Anavarza, like other Cilician cities, was captured by the Sasani King Shapur. Anavarza which was destroyed by Balbinos of Isaura in the 4th century A.D became capital of Cilicia Secunda (Cilicia of the Plain) which was established during the reign of Theodosius II. The city was badly hit with an earthquake in 525, but was later restored by the Emperor Justinianus, and renamed Justiniopolis. In 561 it experienced a second earthquake disaster and in the 6th century was hit with a major plague epidemic.

During the chaotic centuries which followed the rise of the Islam, Anazarbus remained as a buffer zone between the Arabs and the Byzantines and frequently changed hands between the two sides. In 796, Harun el Reşid re-built the city and Caliph Mutacvakil (846-861) rebuilt the Sis castle and carried out active work at Anazarbus. His name is mentioned in an inscription piece in Kufi language found at the ruins of tower located outside the west gate. In the 10th century, when Aynı Zarba was once more on the brink of ruin, Hamdanid al-Dawla turned it into a fortified settlement by spending the tremendous sum of three million dirham. The city then became the focus of interest of the Byzantines again and during the 964 campaign which ended in victory, Nicephorus Phocas took over Anazarbus along with several important fortifications including Tarsus and Mopsuhestia. In the 11th century, the Armenians whose capital was conquered by Alpaslan were driven towards the southwest under the pressure of theSeljuk Turks and established a kingdom in the Taurus region. Later on, they slowly progressed towards the Cilician plain, and there chose Anazarbus as their capital until the year 1100. Except for a gap of 7 years, when the Byzantines again gained control under the rule of John Commeneus between 1137-1144, the city remained as a capital for almost for a whole century. In 1184 Tarsus, and then Sis, became the capital. Despite the fact that Anazarbus remained as an important fortification, the city which was built lower down, on the flat plan eventually started to be destroyed. It was finally totally ruined when the Memlüks destroyed the Little Armenian Kingdom in 1375, and this antique settlement has never been used again since.

The ruins in Anavarza consist of a 1500 metre long city wall with 20 bastions, four entrances, a colonnaded street, and the ruins of a bath house and a church. Important works also include the theatre and the stadium outside the city walls, aqueducts, rock tombs, the necropolises in the western side of the city, the antique road which was constructed by splitting the rock mass and the pooled mosaics which are conserved in situ (the mosaic of the sea goddess Thetas from the 3rd century AD), the victory arc with three entrances, which is the only example of its kind in the Adana region and the castle from the middle ages on the hill which rises like an island in the centre of the plain.

About fifty metres to the north-east of the stadium, the rock is separated with a man-made fissure. The Moslems of the region consider this as the crack cut by Hz. Ali and tell a legend about how the son-in-law of the Prophet pulled out his sword and made a crack in the rocks for himself and his horse when he was being pursued by the enemy. Leaving this legend aside, the fissure seems to be opened to allow for the road which went from Anazarbus to Flaviopolis (Kadirli) and Hieropolis (Kastabala during the Byzantine Period). The passage is 250 metres long and its width changes between 4-15 metres. On both sides of the road, the rock faces reach up to 50 metres. For a traveller emerging into the sunshine towards the east from the deep shadows of the passage, to see one of the inscriptions on the face of the high rocks would no doubt will be a rather sentimental experience.

"Hence, we shall not be afraid, Should the earth move and should the Mountains be moved to the middle of the sea. Should the waters rise and roar and should the mountains tremble with the rising waters"

The colonnaded street running North-South, starts with this three-spanned arch. Anavarza has witnessed numerous earthquakes (including the severe earthquake of 1945) but the Victory Arch managed to remain standing, at least partially, up to our time. It is a three-arched passage with six Corinthian column capitals from black granite on its south façade. There are statue niches on both sides of the main arch on the northern façade.

The amphitheatre, which was also the scene of performances with wild animals was a structure built completely with stones. It was apparently systematically looted (as was the case for many buildings) during the antique age to provide material for other buildings. Today, we have a sufficient amount of architraves, friezes, cornish blocks, column bodies, inscriptions and even Corinthian column capitals, which were used everywhere that give an idea about the splendour of the Anazarbus of the Antique ages.

The castle can be defined in three sections. The barracks section including the first wall and a church; a three storey tower built on the flat rock between the two walls; the second wall and an adjacent complex of rooms it, storage areas and water tanks it encloses.

Anatolian Civilizations

2009-12-16T07:14:00.001-08:00

Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age / 2 Million - 10000 B.C.)
Paleolithic Age, also known to be the old stone age, began somewhere around 2 million years ago, and ended 10,000 years before our time. This time period marked the beginning of the existence of the ancestors of man.The early man in the Paleolithic age did not know how to farm and raise crops, but instead, lived on picking up vegetables, fruit and on hunting. In search of new food sources, and to be able to hunt animals, man moved from place to place, and gathered in small groups. His dwelling was in rocky areas, under big rocks and in caves. In areas where this condition could not be met, he made easy and primitive shelters out of wood. Around 40,000 BC he started making simple stone tools for hunting and protection purposes. Between 40,000 and 10,000 was the glacial age on the Earth. Unable to move around much due to the climate, the primitive man utilized the skin of the animals that he hunted via the use of successfully carved stones. To make clothes he used pins made out of the bones of hunted animals and sewed the animal skin covers himself. During these hard times of survival, the discovery of fire was made, and along with this, came the ability to control it. With this discovery, man happened to have passed an important step in his development which helped him to be separated from animals. In this same period, the earliest notion of the need to believe in an other world or in a mightier power can also be traced: Food was left in the simple graves that were dug up for the deceased, and this is interpreted to be man's faith in afterlife. To sum up, the hard conditions of life in the glacial age led the early man develop better socially and technically. The passage from the very primitive man, namely Homo Neanderthal, to the ancestor of the modern man, namely Homo Sapiens, who is dated back to between 10,000 and 8,000, may also be considered in this period.In the last phases of the Paleolithic age, the early man could make tools in order to make other tools. The first works of art emerged in this era too: paintings made on cave the walls and various art objects such as low reliefs and figurines.The intellectual life of the man was beginning. Moreover, animal bones, teeth, shells and other ornate objects demonstrate the first aesthetic concern in man.
The fact that Asia Minor is extremely rich in fossils, fragments of human beings and animals, stones, bones and vegetation, as well as of works of art, all of which remained from the Paleolithic age, reveals that Anatolian land was intensely inhabited during this period. The most important place in Anatolia where all the three phases; Upper, Middle and Lower in the Paleolithic Age can be seen, is the Karain Cave on the 30 km northwest of Antalya. In this respectively big cave, there are various living sections from each of the three phases of the Paleolithic Age. Among the finds are many carved stones and bone tools, moveable art objects, the remains of the bones and the teeth of the Homo Neanderthal and Homo Sapiens, as well as burnt and unburned animal and bread fossils. The Karain cave in the Paleolithic Age is not a crucial excavation site only for Anatolia but also for the Near East.
Mesolithic Age (Middle Stone Age / 10000 - 8500 B.C.)
This period gives way to the most impressive development of the human kind, the New Stone Age. The Middle Stone Age is a period of transition of the human from the Old Stone Age to the New Stone Age. Hunting and collecting of plants continued to be the main supply of food, however humans began to store the food in storages for later consumption. Domestication of Animals is the main development of this period. At this time, the dog began to be seen as a domestic animal. From the wall paintings, we understand that the artistic qualifications of this period were almost equal to the preceeding Old Stone Age, and that perhaps a lsmall level of development was achieved. In this time period, the human had probably been busier with the invention of new things, that had made their lives easier.
Neolithic Age (8000 - 5500 B.C.)
This period reveals a new step in the history of mankind with the development of the established and settled societies, and in production of food. Anatolia, once again, gives the most comprehensive sites in the world for this age in the Çayönü, Hacılar, Çatalhöyük and Köşkhöyük excavation sites.
The Çayönü settlement, which is not far from the city of Diyarbakır, has been unearthed by the expedition teams under the leadership of Cambel, Braidwood, Mehmet Özdoğan, Wulf Schirmen, and it is dated back to 7250 - 6750 B.C. In the middle of the settlement is a center, and around it are monumental, rectangular structures and houses. The foundation of the structures are of stone, and over this are sun-dried bricks. The inhabitants of Cayonu are the first farmers of Anatolia. They raised sheep and goat, and the domesticated dog. Female figurines, which are the earliest traces of the Mother Goddess cult, were discovered here.
The Hacılar Settlement, brought to daylight by James Mellart, located 25 km southwest of Burdur, is dated back to 5700-5600 B.C. The walls and the floors of the Hacilar houses, which are made of mud-brick on top of stone foundations, are lime mortared and red-painted. Wooden poles used for supporting flat roofs and ladders were found at these sites. This suggests that some structures had two stories. In every house, there are Goddess figurines made of clay, in both standing and sitting postures. Different from other settlement areas, the dead are buried outside the cities. The pottery in Hacilar is well fired and comes in red, brown and yellow colors.
The Çatalhöyük settlement, 52 km southeast of Konya, and north of the town of Çumra is, dated back to 6800-5000 B.C. and it is the most developed center of the Near East and the Aegean. The excavations have shown that the city with ten different settlement levels was built according to a designed plan. This was achieved by arranging the rectangular planned houses next to one another around the courtyards. There are no stone foundations in Çatalhöyük and all of the houses carry flat roofs. Houses were made up of mud brick, and they were all built in accordance with the same ground plan. They have no doors. Instead, the entrance to these houses are through windows on the ceilings via portable ladders. The windows for air and light are placed on the topmost part of the walls near the roofs. The houses are composed of wide living rooms, storage rooms and kitchens. In the rooms, there are seats and furnaces. The dead are buried under the seats in the houses, after having been dried in the sun.The walls of the houses are decorated with bull heads and paintings. These paintings, which signify the rituality in the community, were placed in a corner in the houses, rather than in a special separate location within the settlement area. Bull heads are formed in high reliefs, like statues, and some of them are made by the covering of original bullheads with clay. In the formation of the wall paintings, red, brown, black, white and pink dyes on top of the gray mud brick are used. Among the motifs used are geometrical designs, flowers, stars, circles, and in some parts, depictions of life as well as human hands, deities, human figures, hunting scenes, bulls, birds, vultures, leopards, wild deer and pigs, lions and bears. A depiction of the eruption of a volcanic mountain ( very likely, the Mount Hasan, near Cappadocia) is the oldest known scenery painting.
In Çatalhöyük, we can also trace the early stages of farming. This is also accompanied with the worship of the Mother Goddess along with the holy animal, the bull. The Mother Goddess stands for fertility and multiplication of man. In the excavations that are carried in Hacılar and Çatalhöyük, hundreds of Mother Goddess statutes have been found. She, with her sexual organs in exaggeration, is almost always depicted nude and lies down in the postures of crouching, and especially in the process of birth-giving . The fact that similarly designed Mother Goddess statues could also be found in the Near Eastern and Aegean cultures signifies the existence of matriarchal societies in these regions in the same time periods. The Goddess Kybele comes into sight around the 7000 B. C. ( Most of the finds from this period are on display in Ankara Museum of Anatolian Civilizations).
As for Köşkhöyük, during the excavations carried by Ugur Silistre in Köşkhöyük, near Niğde, ornate pottery pieces and statues have been discovered.
Chalcholithic Age (Copper Age / 5000 - 3000 B.C.)
In this period, in addition to stone tools, copper pieces also come into sight. The need to change valuable goods (ceramics, textile) for both raw and shaped mines helped trade to develop. This brought about the exchange between people as well as the preparation of inventory listings with the beginning of communication. Symbols, hieroglyphs and writings with pictures came into use. By the end of the 4000 BC, cities emerged and the first steps of the human civilization were made.
Burdur-Hacılar level 5 (5500 B.C.) is the oldest site in Anatolia where metal objects are discovered. Regarding technique and forms; the handmade pottery production reached to an advanced level here, and the single-colored, polished, ceramic pots were produced as an alternative to the metallic pots which were respectively more valuable. The surface of the pots were finely polished with a special technique to create a metallic effect.
One other important settlement area of the Chalcholithic period in Western Anatolia is the Beycesultan site, going back to 4000-3000 B.C., located 5 km southeast of town of Çivril in Denizli, which was excavated by Seton Lloyd. Here, some of the mud-brick structures with a rectangular plan look like long megaron houses. (Megaron is a long and narrow room that has a hearth in the center). Inside the structures are hearths, seats along the walls and spaces for storage. Here, inside a pot, a collection of silver and copper rings was discovered, which was a part of a dagger and metallic pins. The ceramic of this period had a background of gray, black and brown.
The Canhasan site, 13 km northeast of Karaman, in Konya, unearthed by David French was a bridge between West and East Anatolia, and Mesopotamia for trade and cultural exchange. Copper rings and bracelets are among the most important finds here. Anatolia, which had the most advanced culture on earth during the Paleolithic period had lost its leadership in the Chalcolithic period to Mesopotamia and Egypt, after writing was discovered there. Due to the fact that writing only began to be used in Anatolia a thousands years later, the level of culture here could not go beyond that of Neolithic period primitive village, even though people were using metal in daily life.
Bronze Age (3000 - 1200 B.C.)
The Bronze age began around 3000 B.C. in Anatolia, around 2500 B.C. in the Aegean and Crete, and around 2000 B.C. in Europe. Bronze is obtained by mixing copper and tin (% 90 copper, % 10 tin). In this period, apart from bronze tools other materials such as copper, gold and electron, which is an alloy of natural gold and silver, were also produced for use in religious ceremonies. The people in this period lived in cities surrounded by fortification walls. Houses were built in rectangular shapes on stone foundations with sundried brick walls. Agriculture, animal husbandry, merchandise and mine production were the means of life.
Alacahöyük, 67 km to Yozgat and 3 hours away from Ankara was the most advanced settlement area in Anatolia in this period. The rich graves discovered here are in shapes of regular, stone rooms. The deceased were put in the center of these rooms along with gifts, in a posture were the knees were pulled up to the belly (hocker position). Animals were sacrificed and presented during the ceremony. Bull heads and feet were left on top of the roofs. Goats and sheep were also sacrificed. They might have been served to the attendants at the funeral. The graves are thought to have been used for many generations. Most of the gifts are composed of gold, silver, electron, bronze objects and decorative items such as diadems, necklaces, hairpins, bracelets, earrings made of precious stones like amber, rock crystals and other similar objects. Bronze and gold weapons, sun discs, deer and bull figurines, Goddess statues of religious services are invaluable works of art discovered here. Bronze spear heads were used for the first time, in Anatolia. They resemble very much their counterparts in Mesopotamia and Syria, which is an interesting point.
Another important place in the bronze age is Troy, Level 1. Dated back to 2900-2500 B.C., this city, the first in Troy, now partly unearthed, is surrounded by a 90 meter wall. Houses are in megaron type once again, and the entrances are from the narrow sides. Walls are of stone and set in the herring bone pattern. Level 2., Troy, is dated back to 2500-2000 B.C. It is built on top of Troy Level 1. The inhabitants of this level come from the Aegean and Balkans, like those of the first level. It is also surrounded with walls but this time they are 20 meters longer. The expedition team discovered a royal residence that belongs to a king on one of the hilltops. Heinrich Schlieman, the German businessman who dug the Trojan mound in 1870, discovered a treasury at this level of Troy 2. Knowing Homer's Iliad by heart, he was in search of King Priamos's treasury, and for years he believed that the treasury he had discovered at the site was the very thing he was searching for. In the last years of his life, however, he was to discover that the treasury actually belonged to a different level, the level 2, thus, to a different time period.
The Anatolian Civilizations From 1200 B.C. To Present
There were major changes in Anatolia in the wake of the Aegean migrations, which took place at the end of he second millennium. This event brought about the fall of the Hittite Empire, and during the first half of the 1st millennium B.C., late Hittites, Urartians and Phrygians, who had established kingdoms in different areas of Anatolia, took control of this area. At the same period, the Greeks arrived in Western Anatolia, via islands, as a result of the disruptions caused by the Dorian Migrations. After settling in Western Anatolia, they unified with local people and established the foundations of the Ionian civilizations. In this way the first colony settlements were founded. This period is characterized by motifs drawn by compasses and is called the "Protogeometric Age" (1100 - 950 B.C.). It is then followed by the "Geometric Age", represented with the alteration of round shaped motifs into angular ones.
Art, which had been always important in Ionia, had witnessed major developments, in terms of both architectural and sculptural characteristics, under oriental influences. The foundations of giant temples were established in this period. The anatomical characteristics of the human body were worked out more realistically on the sculptural work in comparison with the ones from protogeometric or geometric ages. Big marble statues were first made in 670 BC. and the painted pottery of the Eastern Greeks, which were decorated with animal friezes, continued to be produced under the vigorous influences of Anatolia.
The big sized pieces of art produced during the Archaic period, a continuation of the orientalised style, also establishes the characteristics of this style to a certain extent. The statues and the Ionian architecture of the Western Anatolian culture of this period established the infrastructure of "The Classical Age" of the Western Aegean.
There were Carian and Lycian civilizations in the southwestern Anatolia during 700 - 300 B.C. The rock tombs of these civilizations are the most distinguished traces which were left by them in this region of Anatolia. However, the control of central Anatolia was under the Lycian Kingdom with the center of the Kingdom located at Sardis. By extending their boundary up to Kızılırmak, they took over the control of the Phrygians and, thanks to the good relations with Ionian city-states, they also included Ephesus into their territory and became the most powerful state in the region. They minted the first metal coin in the seventh century B.C., and re-proved their importance. After wards, Lydia was vanquished by the Persian Empire in 546 B.C. The civilizations in western Anatolia intermingled with Greek and Persian civilizations resulting in the creation of a Greco-Persian style. This situation was ended with the invasion of Anatolia by Alexander the Great, which resulted in a new period called "Helenistic Age" started (330 - 30 B.C.). After the death of Alexander the Great, as a result of the internal struggles between his generals, this powerful kingdom was shared between them, and most of Anatolia entered the rule of King of Pergamon. Western Anatolia entered the rule of Romans.
Anatolia, which became a part of the Roman Empire by means of a will, was Romanized by peace rather than war, and continued to preserve its own traditional cultural characteristics. These regional characteristics were dominant even in the most powerful periods of the Roman Empire. When the Roman Empire split into two, the old Greek city "Byzantion" became the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire (330 B.C.) and received the name of "Constantinopolis" in honor of the name of the Emperor. Byzantine art is a mixture Roman art, which came into being in Anatolia with dominant regional characteristics, with the characteristics of Christianity. The Byzantium civilization had a life of thousands of years over the span of time between the 4th and 15th centuries.
The Oğuz Turks, who had been living at the west of Transoxiana, accepted the Moslem religion in the 10th century and in order to spread it, started raids to Byzantine territory. The Malazgirt Battle, which took place in 1071, opened the doors of Anatolia to Turks. The Seljuk Turks, who arrived in İznik and accepted it as their capital, turned to Anatolia to a province of the Great Seljuk State. After the collapse of the Great Seljuk State, the Anatolian Seljuk State was established and the capital was moved to Konya.
The Anatolian Seljuk State came to an end as a result of the Mongol invasions, and Anatolia entered the rule of İlkanid Turks. For a period of time, it was governed by different Turkish rulers, then living in different regions in Anatolia. On the arrival of the Kayı Tribe of Oğuz Turks in Anatolia, the Seljuks' Sultan showed the Söğüt area near Byzantine territory as a place for them to settle. Thus the foundations of an Empire, which would continue for 600 years was established. Expanding their borders, the descendants of Osman captured Bursa and made it the capital. After some time, they captured the Byzantine lands on Thrace and moved their capital to Edirne. In 1453 İstanbul became the capital, and became a culture and art city. Ottoman art is a synthesis of the Turkish-Islamic art and Anatolian culture.
Towards the end of the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire became very weak and was thus occupied from four sides. In 1919, the Independence War started, and in 1923, the Turkish Republic was declared.

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Do You Know Ottoman Empire

2009-12-16T07:08:00.000-08:00

The Ottoman Empire was founded in 1299, and lasted 664 years until its collapse in1923. At the peak of its military success, the great Ottoman Empire spanned three continents, stretching from Budapest to Azerbaijan and taking in Persia, Syria and the whole of the north African coast. It began, however, from relatively humble beginnings with Osman Bey, the leader of a small principality in northwest Anatolia, who gave the Empire its Turkish name, Osmanh (with Osman). His first military conquests began in 1299 with the conquest of Bilecik, Yenikent, Inegol and Iznik. He resolved to take Bursa, and after a siege, which lasted some eight years, his son, Orhan, finally took the city in 1326 and, in 1335, made the city his capital. His son, Suleyman, conquered Thrace in 1353, and it was his successor, Murad Hudavendigar, who continued the expansion by taking the Balkans into the Empire.

In 1362 Murad, captured the city of Edirne, formerly known as Adrianople, and established it as his capital in the following year. In 1453, Fatih Sultan Mehmet (Mehmet the Conqueror) conquered Istanbul, thus bringing an end to the Byzantine era. In 1516-17 both Syria and Egypt fell to the Ottoman army, and with them the holy cities of Mecca and Medina, making the Ottoman sultan the most important figure in the Sunni Muslim world. 1520-66 was the golden age of the Ottoman Empire, under the rule of Suleyman the Magnificent, but from then onwards, began a slow decline, which caused the Ottomans to lose itheir economic and military superiority over Europe.

Despite efforts at reform during the 19th century, a number of nationalist movements broke out in Ottoman territories and the Empire began to fragment. Its fate was sealed when it entered the First World War on the side of Germany. Following the end of the war, the victorious allies shared the Ottoman lands and Britain, Italy, France and Greece began to invade its territories. The Ottoman parliament was dissolved on the 16th of March 1920. The Turkish Grand National Assembly, with Mustafa Kemal as its President, began the Independence War, and in the process of establishing itself, decided on November the 1st 1922 to abolish the sultanate. The last Ottoman Sultan, Mehmet VI (Vahideddin), left Istanbul in secret on the 17th of November 1922, on a British Royal Navy vessel bound for Malta, and died in exile in 1926.

Although the Ottomans became known in the west for their opulent lifestyle and military might, the Empire's real strength was the fact that it created a well-ordered society, based on principles of religious and cultural tolerance, caring for the welfare of the sick and the poor. The arts were cultivated and Istanbul and its other major cities became centres for trade in fine silks and other valuable commodities. In the late 15th century, at a time when it was common in Europe for the mentally ill to be burned at the stake as witches, asylums in Edime were using music therapy and the scent of flowers to treat their patients.

The Ottoman Empire united peoples of many different faiths, nationalities and cultures. In the 19th century, Istanbul's population was made up of Muslim Turks, Orthodox Greeks, Gregorian and Catholic Armenians, Jews, Levantines as well as numerous foreign merchants. Even today, Istanbul is one of the few places in the world where you can see churches, synagogues and mosques built within a short distance of each other.

It was Mehmet the Conqueror (1451-1481), who established his patronage of the fine arts, setting up an atelier in the new palace of Topkapi, which developed techniques such as calligraphy and miniature painting. He also encouraged study visits from foreign artists, which is how Gentile Bellini came to spend a year in Istanbul in 1479, when he painted his famous portrait of Sultan Mehmet II, which now hangs in the National Gallery in London. Even before the advent of Islamic belief, Turks had the tradition of illustrating manuscripts, however, the art of calligraphy flourished alongside the strict Islamic belief that it was wrong to depict people or animals, and was mainly used to illuminate words from the Koran. It was also used for the elaborate, stylised signature unique to each of the sultans known as the tugra. The detailed miniatures, on the other hand, act as a historic document portraying the lives of the sultans and their court, showing both historic and everyday events. At a much later date, Sultan Abdulhamid II who ruled from 1876 - 1909, appointed state photographers and sent albums of their photographs to fellow heads of state around the world, to show them the progress and achievements of his empire.

The Ottomans were also great explorers and the famous Admiral Piri Reis was a renowned navigator and important cartographer, who charted and drew remarkably accurate maps of the world, including the oldest surviving map showing the Americas, which dates back to 1513 and is kept in the Topkapi Palace Museum.

The Harem
Although harem was simply the word used to describe the female living quarters in a residence, to many westerners it conjures up a romantic image, based largely on the Imperial harem at Topkapi Palace. The most important person in the harem was the Valide Sultan (Mother of the Sultan), followed by the Sultanas, the sultan's daughters, his favourites and other concubines and odalisques (a word which comes from the Turkish "odalik" or chamber-maid). Traditionally, there were up to four kadins or favourites, who were the equivalent of legal wives and thus accorded privileges. Nurbanu, for example, the favourite of Selim II, was given an entourage of 150 ladies in waiting. In fact, many of those living in the harem had no contact at all with the' sultan but simply acted as servants to the other members of the household. At its peak, there were 1000 women living in the harem at Topkapi Palace. All of these were non-Muslim slave women, brought from all corners of the Ottoman Empire. The women of the harem were said to be the most beautiful in the Empire and the most attractive were trained to entertain the sultan by dancing, reciting poetry, playing musical instruments and mastering the erotic arts. According to Muslim tradition, no man could lay his eyes on another man's harem, which lead to the tradition of the harem being guarded by the black eunuchs, who were male prisoners of war or slaves fully castrated before puberty, captured from territories such as Egypt, Abyssinia and Sudan. At the height of the Empire, as many as 600-800 eunuchs served in the palace. The Chief Black Eunuch (Kiziar Aga), was the Ottoman Empire's third highest-ranking officer, after the Sultan and the Grand Vizier. His duties were wide-ranging, and included overseeing the protection of their women, the purchase of new concubines, arranging all royal ceremonies and sentencing those women accused of crimes.

The Janissaries
Christian subjects were required by the practice of devşirme to give up one of their sons to the service of the sultan. After the boys had converted to Islam they became either civil servants or soldiers, joining the elite army corps known as the Yeniçeri or Janissaries. Strict discipline was imposed upon them, but those who were gifted and ambitious could rise through the ranks, even as far as becoming Grand Vizier - the highest rank after the sultan. The Janissaries became so powerful, that they protested whenever they felt their privileges were being threatened, as exemplified by their overturning of their soup kettles and, at times, causing full scale riots. The system continued until 1826, when the Janissaries lost their popular support and were disbanded by Mahmut II. The traditional marching band of the Janissaries, the Mehter Takimi, has been revived in recent times and you can see them perform in the traditional uniform, playing kettle drums, clarinets and cymbals.

Ottoman Architecture
Colossal Ottoman architectural monuments still stand strong to this day, not only throughout Turkey, but also throughout the many lands which were under its rule at the time. The Ottomans were prolific builders and some of their finest works are public buildings such as mosques, and their surrounding kulliye (complex) consisting of buildings providing for the welfare of the community such as: Sifahane (hospital), medrese (college), imaret (alms kitchen), tabhane (guest house) and hamam (Turkish baths). Palaces, bridges, fountains, tombs and kervansarays (travellers' inns) are also amongst the fine buildings which remain to the present day. The Ottomans were fond of hunting and of spending time outdoors, often with lavish picnics. Wooden köşk's (pavilions or summer houses) can still be found in many parks and woodlands, which remained from Ottoman times. Private houses, amongst which are the konak (mansion) and yah (summer house, especially those on the shores of the Bosphorus), were traditionally built of wood, with the ground floor and foundations only built of stone. Some have survived to the present day, despite the fire hazard that their wooden structure posed. Recently, great interest has been shown in their preservation and many of them have been renovated, with some being converted to hotels and pensions. Typically the upper floors jut out over the street and the windows are obscured by wooden lattice-work, intended so that the women of the house could look out without being observed. The houses were planned around a central gallery room known as a hayat, from which the other rooms opened. The quarters were divided into the harem (the private part of the house only visited by the family and female guests) and the selamlik (where the man of the household received his guests). In grander houses these two areas would have separate courtyards, sometimes with fountains and ornamental pools.

Visit to Konya Kubad-Abad Palace

2009-12-14T13:33:00.000-08:00

Kubad-Abad Palace complex, which was mentioned by the famous Seljuk historian İbn Bibi in his Selçuk name, and which was constructed upon the order of Alaeddin Keykubad I (1220 - 1236), is the only Seljuk palace building that survived to today. Kubad-Abad, around which a city with the same name was established in the Anatolian Seljuk Period, was later abandoned and buried into the darkness of history.

After İbrahim Hakkı Konyalı and Prof. Dr. Osman Turan pointed out that the palace should be around Beyşehir, the Konya Museum Director Zeki Oral, found the location of Kubad-Abad in 1949. Kubad-Abad, which had been left to itself for a long period after the excavation studies and drilling works of Zeki Oral in 1952, Katharina Ottodorn in 1965 - 1966 and Mehmet Önder in 1967, has been re-handled by Prof. Dr. Rüçhan Arık starting from 1980 and systematic excavations have been started. After excavating the perimeter of the Small Palace in the Kubad-Abad Palace Complex, Prof. Dr. Rüçhan Arık has performed researches and excavations in the Selçuklu Mansion in Malanda in the hinterland of Kubad-Abad and in the Kız Fort, which has a connection with the palace complex.

In these excavation works, the main structure in Kız Fort and in-situ encaustic tiles, the bath part and the architectural ruins around the Small Palace, that is among the important units of the palace complex at the shore have been brought to open. Furthermore, with the drilling in Malanda Mansion, the plan of the existing part of the building has been shown. In the excavations, many encaustic tiles, ceramics, plasters, glasses and coins belonging to the Seljuk Period have been found. Under the Seljuk layer around the Small Palace, ruins and small finds belonging to the Ancient Period have been discovered.

Visit to Istanbul Florya Ataturk Sea Pavilion

2009-12-14T13:30:00.000-08:00

Florya is a settlement at the coast of the Marmara sea, between Yesilkoy and Kucukcekmece. It is known to be a small fisherman's haven. With Ataturk taking interest, Florya started to gain some importance and became a summer resort.

The pavilion, which was projected by architect Seyfi Arkan as per the request of the Istanbul municipality on 1935, was constructed as a summer house for Ataturk. And during the same year, on the 14th of August, it was opened for usage. During the months of June and July 1936, for quite a while, the Great Leader lived in this pavilion. He used it for political and scientific meetings and entertained prominent guests such as the King of England, Edward VIII and Madame Simpson.

The pavilion was used for last time by Ataturk, on 28 May 1938. After his death, the pavilion was used by the Republic's Presidents İsmet İnönü, Celal Bayar, Cemal Gürsel, Cevdet Sunay, Fahri Korutürk and Kenan Evren.

This building compound was transferred to The Office of the National Palaces which is connected to the Turkish Grand National Assembly by the Presidency on the 16th of September 1988. After its restoration, it was converted to the Ataturk Museum, and a permanent photograph exhibition under the topic of 'Ataturk in Istanbul' was formed. On the other hand, various publications were introduced, put on sale in one section of the pavilion. The Aide's and the Secretariat buildings have been restored and converted to social facilities for the use of the Turkish Grand National Assembly. A new building was constructed in the previously unoccupied area between these two buildings to accommodate a cafeteria and a restaurant. The garden was also arranged to serve as an open air cafeteria.

Visit to Istanbul Dolmabahçe Palace

2009-12-14T13:23:00.000-08:00

Until XVII. Century this site was one of the coves in the Bosporus. In mythology it is the place where the Argonauts' legendary ship 'argo' had anchored in order to find the Golden Pelt, and in history, Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror had beached his ships again in this cove to cross over to the Golden Horn during the conquest of Istanbul.

This cove was a natural harbour where the Ottoman Admirals anchored the naval fleet, and was the location where the traditional maritime ceremonies had taken place. Beginning from the XVII. Century onwards, the cove started to be filled up from time to time, and became one of the unique gardens of the Bosporus called Dolmabahce (Filled up Garden).

Through out the history, Dolmabahce was developed by villas and pavilions built by various Sultans, and in the course of time, took the appearance of a palace called 'Besiktas Waterside Palace'. During the reign of Sultan Abdulmedjid, on the grounds of being made out of timber and hence being useless, the demolition of the Besiktas Waterside Palace started in 1843, and the foundation of today's Dolmabahce Palace began in its place.

Together with the perimeter walls, the construction was completed in 1856. Dolmabahce Palace, built on a site of over 110.000 square metres, is consisted of sixteen separate sections besides the main structure. Those sections are the buildings with different functions, such as palace stables, mills, pharmacies, kitchens, aviaries, the glass shop, the foundry and the patisserie shop. During the reign of Sultan Abdulhamid II. (1876 - 1909), the clock tower and the lodges in the rear garden of the Heir Apparent's apartment were added.

The palace was constructed by the most important Ottoman architects of the period Karabet and Nikogos Balyan. The main block of the palace is composed of three sections: the Mabeyn-i Humayun (Selamlik), the Muayede (Ceremonial Hall) and the Harem-i Humayun (Harem). The Mabeyn-i Humayun is where state affairs take place, Harem-i Humayun is the private section of Sultan and his family, and in the centre, Muayede is the hall where Sultan received guest of honours and official ceremonies took place.

Dolmabahce Palace, including the basement floor, is a three - storey structure. Despite of the distinct western influence apparent in form, detail and ornamentation, the building is a work of Ottoman architects' masterly interpretation of these impressions. On the other hand, the plan arrangement is an adaptation of the traditional Turkish house in a grandeur scale, constructed with stone external walls, brick internal walls and timber floors. Being open to the technology of its period, the Palace received its central heating and electrical systems during the years 1910 - 1912. In the Palace, there are 285 rooms, 46 halls, 6 Hamams (Turkish baths) and 68 toilets, totalling 45.000 square metres of used floor area. Fine parquetry floors are covered by 4.454 square metres of carpets that were, at first woven in the Palace's loom house, and then, in Hereke, which was famous with its carpets.

Mabeyn, where the Sultan carries out the state affairs, regarding its function and splendour, is the most prominent section of the building. The Medhal (entrance) Hall in the entry; the Crystal Stairs leading to upper floor; the Sufera (ambassadors) Hall, the guest room for the ambassadors and the Red Room where Sultan received the ambassadors are all decorated and furnished to emphasize the historical splendour of the Empire. In the upper floor, the Zulvecheyn (two planed) Hall allows a crossing to the Sultan's private living quarters in the Mabeyn section. In these quarters, apart from the study rooms and halls, there is a magnificent Hamam furnished with marbles from Egypt.

Situated between Harem and Mabeyn, the Muayede (celebration) Hall is the highest and the most magnificent section of Dolmabahce Palace. Consisiting of over 2000 square metres, with 56 columns, this hall is distinguished from other part of the Palace with its 36 m high dome and with a 4.5 tonne chandelier made in Britain. The hall is heated by a central heating system blowing warm air from the feet of the columns, providing a comfortable temperature even in the coldest days. During the traditional holy days and celebrations, the golden throne used to be brought in to the hall and Sultan received notables and diplomatic corps on this throne. The galleries had been allotted to diplomatic staff, male and female guests and to the Palace orchestra.

Despite being built by taking European palaces as an example and being influenced by western architecture, in Dolmabahce, the Harem was designed as a separate section, although not rigid as it used to be in terms of functional relations and space arrangements. It is not a building or a compound separated from the Palace, as it is the case in Topkapi Palace, but a private living space integrated to the rest of the structure under the same roof.

The Harem section makes up the two thirds of Dolmabahce Palace. Passage from the Mabeyn and the Muayede Hall to the Harem is made through the corridors with iron gates and heavy timber doors, a remark of the traditional segregation. The spacious halls lightened by the reflections of the Bosporus, the bedrooms of Sultans, his wives, concubines, sons and daughters, and the study and lounge rooms are all in this section. The apartment of the Valide Sultan (Mother Sultan), the Blue and Pink Halls, the rooms of Sultans Abdulmedjid, Abdulaziz and Resad, the concubines section, the matrons' rooms, the Great Ataturk's study and bedroom and many valuable artifacts such as furnitures, rugs and kilims, inscriptions, vases, chandeliers, oil paintings are the most interesting and impressive features of the Harem.

Today, all sections and units of Dolmabahce Palace are restored and opened to visitors. Main exhibition units of Dolmabahce Palace are: two 'Precious Items Exhibition Halls', where the precious items of the palace are exhibited, the 'Internal Treasury Exhibition Building' where samples from the National Palaces Yildiz (Star) Porcelain collection are displayed, the 'Art Gallery' where parts of the National Palaces Painting collection are usually exhibited in this gallery over long periods of time, the 'Abdulmedjid Efendi Library' in Mabeyn section of the Palace, and the 'Historical Corridor' under the 'Art Gallery' which is a permanent exhibition of a collection of bird motifs from architectural ornamentations and various palace items and objects.

The old 'Furnishing Department' at the entrance of the Palace is now the 'Cultural Information Centre'. Scientific studies and presentation activities taking place in various National Palaces are directed from this centre. There is also a reference library in the service of scholars, which consist of mostly the XIX. Century publishings.

In the gardens of Clock Tower, the Furnishing Department, Aviary, Harem and Heir Apparent's apartment sections, cafeterias and gift shops are present for the service of the visitors. Introductory books about National Palaces prepared by the Cultural Information Centre, various postcards, reproductions of the paintings from the National Palaces Art collection are on sale in these shops. At the same time, Muayede Hall and the gardens are allotted to national and international receptions. With these new arrangements, the Palace, today, has been acquired of the museum sections and, of artistic and cultural activities.

Turkish Sufi Music

2009-12-14T11:49:00.000-08:00

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http://rapidshare.com/files/320865387/Visit_to_Turkey_Turkish_Sufi_Music.rar

Visit to Istanbul Beylerbeyi Palace

2009-12-14T10:30:00.001-08:00

Beylerbeyi, in which the Asian Tower of Bosphorus Bridge was constructed, is a beautiful district allotted for palaces since the Byzantium era. Sultan Abdulaziz built the Palace, to replace the older, wooden palace, between 1861 and 1865. Eastern and Turkish motifs are used with western design elements were used on the sides of the buildings and for internal decorations. The atmosphere resembles that of Dolmabahce Palace.

The building comprises of three floors, and contains 26 rooms and 6 halls, which includes the harem and men's greeting rooms. The interior is decorated with Bohemian chandeliers, valuable tiles and ceramic vases. Silver-edged furniture and luxurious carpets add something to the beauty, and even till today the authentic furniture, carpets, curtains and other properties have been well preserved.

A big pool, terraces and stables face the back of the cliff. A road and tunnel, used until 1970, passed under the palace garden and were used by the most distinguished foreign dignitaries when visiting the palace.

Open daily except Monday and Thursday.

Istanbul - Tekfur Palace

2009-12-14T10:19:00.000-08:00

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The palace was built adjacent to the land ramparts of İstanbul, between Edirnekapı and Haliç. According to the researches, it was determined that the palace belonged to the 13th century. It was used for various aims after the conquest of İstanbul in 1453.

It was restored between the years 1955 - 1970. Tekfur Palace is the only sample that remained from the Byzantine Period.

ersity, hagia sophia 4-Day ANZAC Tour: Istanbul, Gallipoli and Troy

2009-07-16T07:19:00.000-07:00

4-Day ANZAC Tour: Istanbul, Gallipoli and Troy

If you only have a few days in Turkey and want to see the major highlights, this is the tour for you. This four-day trip takes you to Troy, Gallipoli and Istanbul, combining Turkey's vibrant capital and surrounding historic sites.

Special Offer - All passengers receive a free ANZAC and Troy CD featuring information and images of the sites visited on the tour -

Duration: 4 days / 3 nights
Starting From: Starting from £244.29 per person
Customer enquiries please contact support@viator.com

Suleymaniye Mosque (Sultan Suleyman the Magnificient)

2009-06-30T03:53:00.000-07:00

Suleymaniye Mosque (Sultan Suleyman the Magnificient)

Suleymaniye Mosque is the second largest but finest and most magnificent of the imperial mosque complexes in the city. It’s as magnificent as its founder Suleiman the Magnificent and a masterwork of the greatest Ottoman architect, the incomparable Sinan. Suleiman the Magnificent is the 10th Sultan of Ottoman Empire who expanded the boundaries of the Empire far to Vienna’s City Walls. Conquering Vienna was his ultimate aim but he could not succeed.

The construction of the Suleiman’s Mosque began in 1550 and the mosque itself was completed in 1557. The mosque is actually a complex building with the tombs of Suleiman and his wife, Hurrem Sultan(Roxelana). The other buildings were finished some years later. The mosque is preceded by a courtyard with columns of the richest porphyry, marble and granite. At the four corners of the courtyard rise the four great minarets. The four minarets are said to signify that Suleiman was the fourth sultan to rule in Istanbul and the 10 balconies denote that he was the 10th Sultan of the Ottoman Dynasty.

Interior of Suleiman's MosqueEntering the mosque, there is a vast room, almost square in plan surmounted by a huge dome. The dome is 47 m., 150 feet and its diameter is 27.5 m, 87 feet. The stain coloured windows are lovely, the sunlight diffuses inside very nicely. The mihrab where the imam(priest) stands and the pulpit are Proconassian marble. There is also a marvellous woodwork inlaid with mother of pearl and ivory of the doors, window shutters and the preacher’s chair. There are also impressive calligraphic inscriptions by the most famous calligrapher of Ottoman Empire, Ahmet Karahisari and his pupil Hasan Celebi. The mosque is all carpeted with red prayer rugs all pointing South where Mecca is located. Next to the mosque are the turbes, the tombs of Suleiman and his wife, Hurrem(Roxelana). The tomb of Suleiman is revetted with beautiful Iznik tiles and quite impressive. There is also the tomb of great architect, Sinan in the same complex. According to the story, Sinan was the only architect who had the honour of opening an Imperial Mosque because Suleiman gave the key to Sinan which was given to him to open the mosque. Another saying says Sinan trusts the quality of the mosque so much that if there is any big earthquake happens, this mosque will never collapse, it will fall into the waters of Golden Horn as one piece, not in small pieces…

Basilica Cistern

2009-06-30T03:52:00.001-07:00

Basilica Cistern , YEREBATAN SARAYI

It is a Byzantine cistern from the 6th century and it is located at Sultanahmet Square Istanbul... in walking distance to HAGIA SOPHIA MUSEUM and BLUE MOSQUE(Sultanahmet Camii). Turks call 'Yerebatan Sarayi'(The Sunken Palace).
Well, however it is not a palace at all... it is an huge water storage place.

This cistern has fine brick vaulting supported by 336 Corinthian columns. It is the largest covered cistern in Istanbul, dating back to the Roman times. Its dimensions are 140 by 70 meters, and it is capable of holding 80.000 cubic meters of water.

The Basilica Cistern was actually the reservoir for the prodigious quantity of water required for the Byzantine Great Palace, and it is thought to date back to the reign of Justinian in 532. Later in Ottoman years it has been use for conception of complex of Topkapi Palace.

Cistern has a huge structure, measuring 140m (460ft) long and 70m (230ft) across, and it is virtually empty; only a couple of feet of water line the bottom. Some wooden walkways have been constructed for visitors. The atmosphere inside is so quite and beautiful. Also it is very nice place for cooling down after being outside for a hot summer day :)

This fabulous cistern was used for entertainment purpose in earlier years as a film set of the movie 'From Russia With Love', with actor James Bond.

In the cistern the light and music is fantastic, don't miss to visit! Very nice classical music accompanies the sound of endlessly dripping water.

YEREBATAN SARAYI is open every day, except Tuesdays. Ph. (212) 522 12 59

Speaking of the water; since offering water is considered as a good deed in the ISLAM religion, following the conquering of the city by the Ottomans, and during the restructuring of the city many fountains and water resources were built in the city. However, as the time passed by the majority were demolished and at the present day there are approximately 500 fountains and 70 water resources.

One of the this fountain is Sultan Ahmet the 3rd Fountain (Sultan Ahmet Çesmesi) which is located just in front of the Topkapi Palace. It was built in 1729.

The fountain has a spout on each of its four sides. This is a free-standing fountain with a beautiful roof which is inside is adorned with reliefs and inscriptions and surmounted by decorated golden leaves. Actually fountain is dry.

St. Saviour Church of Chora

2009-06-30T03:49:00.000-07:00

The present day St. Saviour Church of Chora dates back from the late 11th century and originally this was a church outside Constantine's original city walls and so it was named the Church of St Saviour in Chora... this literally means in the country side.

The Church was converted into a Mosque in 1510 by the grand vezier of Beyazid II and there after bore the name Kariye Mosque and now it is called KARIYE Mosque & Museum (Kariye Cami ve Müzesi).

The museum offers the finest example of Byzantine mosaic work in the city, as well as superb fourteenth-century frescoes depicting the Genealogy of Christ, the Life of the Virgin and Christ's Ministry.

This complex is often passed over because of it's inconvenient location in Istanbul's western edge near remnants of the old Constantinian Walls, built by Emperor Theodosius II in AD 413.

At Church of St.Saviour in Chora walls protected Constantinople from numerous onslaughts and were breached only twice: by the crusaders in the 1200s and by Mehmet the Conqueror in 1453.

Even though the Church was converted to a Mosque after the Conquest, the mosaics were merely whitewashed over and thus have been preserved for display in this secular museum, no longer used for any religious purposes.

St. Saviour Chora (Kariye Mosque & Museum ) is open everyday (except Tuesday) from 9:30 in the morning until 4:30 in the afternoon. Ph.(212) 631 92 41

Istanbul City Hotels, Turkey

2009-06-30T03:48:00.000-07:00

The city of Istanbul, Turkey, is divided into two parts; the old city peninsula and the new city area. Consequently, all the hotels of mentioned in this web site have been classified accordingly.

Both districts certainly have their own advantages. Staying in accommodation in the Old City allows you to be within walking distance to most of the main touristic attractions - among cobbled streets, beautiful buildings accompanied by a very quiet nightscene. On the other hand, staying in accommodation in the downtown area presents you with a multitude of entertainment and nightlife possibilities - at your doorstep, should you prefer to be at the center of the more modern, multicultural and faster-paced side to Istanbul.

The Istanbul hotels that have been selected are a limited number of the more exclusive hotels, which reflect our personal favorites only, for upholding high quality and service.

Youth Tourism in Turkey

2009-05-29T17:43:00.000-07:00

Travelling is one of the most effective ways to improve their personalities, discover new places and lives/cultures and create good social relationships for the young. Tourism ensures you to Iearn while travelling.

Therefore, public and private sectors are to undertake providing safe, clean, inexpensive recreational areas and resorts in order to promote the participation of the young into tourism. The dormitory included in this guide essentially serves for the young of higher education during the academic year. In addition to this, TUREMs (tourism training centres) are boarding schools for vocational training. Both organizations aim to facilitate temporary accommodation for the national and foreign young people. The information about forest camps of the Ministry of Forestry and Youth Camps of Directorate General of Youth and Sports and also the facilities offering special discounts for the young are included in the guide.

The young, national or foreigner, travelling for any reason in the country can only benefit from the facilities provided when they abide by the rules specified.

General Regulations

1- There is time limitation for benefiting from the organizations included in the guide.

2- There is age-limit.

3- The applications will directly be made to the addresses or telephones of the facilities.

Cesme - Camp - Caravan

The Grand (Büyük Liman) and Paşa Harbor coves are excellent places to camp for summer residences. The natural beaches and camping areas in the region of Ildırı, the ancient city of Erythrai, are perfect for those wanting a touch of history and nature.

Hagia Sophia Photograph and Wallpaper

2009-05-19T19:38:00.000-07:00

Hagia Sophia

2009-05-19T19:15:00.000-07:00

Eastern Roman Empire in the era in Sultanahmet Square, the most famous Byzantine church after VII.yüzyıldan living historians who have older Constantinus transfer was made (326) had lived before the historian (especially Socrates) church of the son of the emperor Constantinus' un is doing and 15 October in the year 360 God ' the author is either candidate. There is no definite information on the structure. New churches and palaces of the city's largest church is the "megalo Ekklesia" (United Church) would have been an. But starting later V.yüzyıldan "Hagia Sophia" (Holy Wisdom) was the name and was an all in this name during the Byzantine era. The time of the Turks the "Saint Sophia", or translated.

The first structure of a civil commotion during the next 20 June 404'te Emperor Theodosius II, the re-construction work of the church by the architect Roufinos'a verdi.Yine example basilica church remains today of the October 8 415'te ring church of Hagia Sophia açıldı.Bu west in 1935 in the yard The excavations at the St. Sophia's çıkarılmıştır.Mimar Roufinos'un a very short lifetime Nika riots during the oldu.14 January 532'de all again and it's yandı.İmparator St.Sophia İustinianos ever seen and decided to do a richness and size immediately be drawn to plan and carry out work to başladı.Yapının job as a mathematician Tralleisli (Aydın) Anthemios with Miletoslu (Milet) İsidoros'a Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem verildi.İmparator church to be larger and more ornate church of such istiyordu.Yanan is insufficient for a structure were made to purchase new fire place and corrected. Against fire and earthquake of the new structure to be more durable than wood are used as possible. Required materials are available from all regions of the empire, especially the marble was chosen to scan all the Mediterranean countries. Construction workers were in the thousand master, and ten thousand. 23 December 27 December 532'de church began with a ceremony and public 537'de has been completed. But 22 years after the construction İustinianos without dying as a result of an earthquake as large sections of the dome collapsed. (558) This time the repair of the dome as the emperor gave the young İsidoros'a. 625 m. before the new dome was higher and side walls for added support. However, this structure with the necessary repairs could not access the static resistance. He is in danger of being destroyed, and repaired Basileios I was. (869) 986'da dome was destroyed once again and the repair was an architect named Tridodos St.Sophia May 13 994'te re-opened to the public.

IV. Western Christians entering the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul crusader army to another religion if it were destroyed and sacked as the temples. (1204) This is why Christians do evil Hagia Sophia was the largest to.

After taking the city back in Paleologlar west face of the restorations were made to the support wall. (1261) in Andronikos II era (1317) has been strengthened with outside support from the wall. 31 years later, again with help from the people destroyed the dome has been repaired. Castilla came to Istanbul, the envoy of the King (1402) has fallen out of the gate structure has been in a wretched state.

When Hagia Sophia in Istanbul Turks 1453'te in this case, the best preserved Ottoman era buldular.Ayasofya after the most respected and sacrifice won the construction quality. The first Friday prayers there made Fatih mosque and church was ordered to be surrounded. An altar to the east of the apside kondu del by a wooden dome of the minaret was sitting. Essential structure and interior of Hagia Sophia mosaics graced the human figures have not been touched. These are then covered by the wash has been in the legal transfer. However, the brick minaret called Fatih transferred to the southwest and the minaret minaret Bayezid II era structures in the western onarıldı.Kuzeybatıdaki thin thick minaret in the Selim II era has been added by Mimar Sinan, and the building was demolished around the house. Mimar Sinan in danger of collapse, showing a new era Hagia Sophia Murat III by adding support wall being demolished saved. Section of school libraries and sıbyan Şadırvan muvakkithane I. Mahmutlar was built on time. One of the largest restoration of Hagia Sophia was the period of Abdülmecit. (1847-1849) Swiss architect Gaspar work Fossati management during the last two years has been robust and has been renewed dome. Hagia Sophia and the prince's treasury of the tomb of the Ottoman sultans are located. These II.Selim Sultan Sultan III.Mehmet Sultan III. Murat I. And the tomb of Mustafa Sultan Ibrahim. Sultan I. Mahmut 'un Şadırvan of the sıbyan school in imaretikütüphanesi Ayasofya Sultan Abdülmecid'in Hunkar Mahfi with muvakkithane examples of Turkish and the tomb in the age of the hardware tiles and architecture are the most beautiful examples of classical Ottoman tomb tradition.

Maintenance and repair work on the Republic of Hagia Sophia after the sürmüştür. Atatürk's request, a decision of the Council of Ministers on 24 October 1934 Hagia Sophia was converted into a museum and today was given format.

One of the most important milestones St.Sophia create architectural history of the era is indebted to the extraordinary daring design. With a dome in the east and west of Central nefi the addition of the two half-domes on earth is the first of this kind of mask. But very early in an experiment that includes some unsolved problems was wrong. Cover not only system with giant size St.Sophia age is a challenge can be considered.

Byzantine architecture of St. Sophia on a process is initiated. In later years, to the Byzantine architects, such as Hagia Sophia yinelemekleri also did not lead. Unlike the Byzantine architecture of St. Sophia is considered a masterpiece of all time is not exceeded. Some researchers him too late to be early Byzantine structure are seen as the period of Roman buildings. Raises the reconstruction of St. Sophia with the conquest of Istanbul but that was the Ottoman architecture. Especially in the Ottoman architect Sinan, such as Hagia Sophia, not the ruins of a dead civilization in the form of a giant architectural achievement thousand years and never seen him try and try and Şehzade two large structures, such as the Süleymaniye mosque could overcome. For this reason only of Rome and the Byzantine Hagia Sophia's not a component is considered to be the Ottoman civilization. Saint Sophia's has initiated the process of completing the Ottomans.

Ayasofya mimarlık bakımından olduğu kadar mozaikleri ile de önemlidir. The figures for the same period mosaic ikonoklazm period (726-843) has been destroyed. Therefore, today all of the mosaic IX. and later to remain for years. This mosaic of these was described by Jesus in the arms of Mary Theotokos. The two major cities on both sides of the Byzantine emperor was made to the Hagia Sophia İustinianos with Constantinous was animated. Drop-in inner door nartekste on bended knees before the throne of Jesus sitting in the Leon VI. 'T describe the mosaic will be found. Bema belt wearing in the palace is decorated with a figure of archangel. But the most beautiful mosaics in Hagia Sophia in the south wall in the gallery "Deisis" (appeal) is the scene. With the addition of Mary, the other near a baptism of Jesus, showing the mosaic craftsmanship Yahya and the fineness of faces similar to the intense expression is one of the most valuable.

Similar as with many legends on the Hagia Sophia has said. These are a part of the Christian era was born after the victory. A large part of the legend of the Christian era construction of Hagia Sophia is on. Planning and the help of the angels said to do. Construction on the northwest corner of the capillary tube to absorb the water in the ground with a column that is constantly sweating. People say this column was sacred to touch on the finger tapping has a hole. According to rumors the church into a mosque when the finger hole by Hızır and the church was converted to the direction of Kaaba. According to Evliya Çelebi in the big door with the direction towards the middle door of the ruins of Noah's Ark According to a legend yapılmıştır.Yine Kadir is said to come here by night Hızır.

Used as a mosque for 916 years the church 481 years to challenge this unique structure as a century in Istanbul, will continue in existence longer.

Architectural Structure
VI. century, who was living in Prokopius' by a dome of Hagia Sophia in that much air that is almost heaven hang a gold sphere are as defenseless. Hagia Sophia in 70 mx 100 m in size in the sub-structure 30 m wide 55 m high dome is covered. Dome's own height of 138 meters is the bricks are made of 40 ribs. These are 110 m wide and 40 feet from the window seat, and feet are. Construction of the walls of a big pop smoothly and reduces the weight of the structure inside and gives plenty of light. It creates its own light is like your own. Indeed, the first influence of Byzantine art into one of the important features of the light shadow play. Moreover, the building has been sitting on 107 units column. There are 67 columns in the top 40 at the bottom.

Ephesus Hotels

2009-05-19T19:12:00.000-07:00

Kalehan Hotel Selcuk-Ephesus

General Features: Self-original architecture and historical atmosphere, healthy cuisine, and with ease of transport for those who want to spend your holiday in our region offers an ideal accommodation with 42 rooms KALEHAN Hotel welcomes the guests.
Room Facilities: Hotel KALEHAN chambers with different original rugs with Anatolian motifs bütünleşen wooden floor, just a peaceful atmosphere awaits you with bedding.
Activities: Guests of the rest, and will enjoy the private garden area in the middle of the swimming pool oturabilirsiniz.Bahçeminin can cool.
Location: Ephesus KALEHAN Hotel Efes 3 km, sea 6 km, Izmir Adnan Menderes Airport is located 55 km away.

Club Ephesus Prencess Resort Hotel Selcuk

General Features: 352 rooms in total in Clup Ephesus Princess Hotel bulunmaktadır.48 junior suite rooms, 125 family rooms, 2 disabled rooms, 10 connection rooms, 10 duplex rooms and 95 hotel rooms, 82 club rooms open off mevcuttur.Bünyesinde 1 restaurant , 2 ala carte restaurant, sauna, Turkish bath, massage, bath glove, fitness center, Fin bath, thallassao center, beauty center, shuttle service, hairdresser, dry cleaning, disability ramp for Holder, internet cafes, taxis, minibuses, shopping center , market, doctor, tennis courts, meeting rooms are available.
Room Facilities: Ephesus Princess Resort Hotel rooms Central air conditioning, satellite TV, minibar, music broadcast, safe box, bath, hair dryer, telephone are available.
Activities: Club Resort Ephesus Princess Hotel Selcuk Front disco, game room, theater theater, cinema, reading room, live music, day and evening animation, pool games, beach games, Turkish nights, 2 outdoor swimming pools & 1 indoor swimming pool, 200 meter-long private beach, deck chair, umbrella, towels, cushions, shower, mini golf, volleyball, chess, table tennis, billiards, archery, tennis courts, water skiing, banana, water, hamburger, the canoeing, surfing, pedalo, jet ski, diving lessons, sailing, parasailing, motorboat activity can benefit from.
Location: Selçuk Pamucak in the neighborhood of the Hotel Ephesus Princess Resort, 8 km from the city center, airport 75 km, the sea away.

Richmond Ephesus Resort Hotel Selcuk

General Features: Total 265 rooms and 538 bed capacity as the structure of Richmond Ephesus Resort Hotel in Central air conditioning, central heating, garden, tv room, game room, internet, hairdresser, laundry, ironing, safe, market, 24 hour room service, power generator, doctor , baby sitter, free parking services.
Room Facilities: Ephesus Richmond Ephesus Resort hotel room phone, minibar, safe, satellite tv, dark, the air conditioning in the villa rooms, central air conditioning, shower, tub-bath, wc, hair dryer, telephone in the bathroom is located.
Activities: Hotel Richmond Ephesus Resort, Outdoor pool with children's section, indoor pool, Turkish bath, Finnish bath, sauna, massage, fitness center, aerobics, table tennis, billiards, disco, animation programs, tennis, mini golf, mini football, volleyball, beach volleyball, basketball, children's playground, diving school, parasailing, banana, jet ski, canoe, can take advantage of activities such as windsurfing.
Location: Richmond Ephesus Resort Hotel Selcuk Ephesus 10 km, Izmir Adnan Menderes Airport 75 km away.

Ankara Photograph

2009-05-18T16:13:00.000-07:00

Hadise Eurovision Wallpaper and Photograph

2009-05-18T14:37:00.000-07:00

Hadise | Düm Tek Tek | Eurovision 2009 | Final | HD

2009-05-18T14:31:00.001-07:00

For Download:
http://rapidshare.com/files/23381925...pheT.part1.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/23381923...pheT.part2.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/23381921...pheT.part3.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/23381887...pheT.part4.rar

Ephesus Photograph and Wallpaper

2009-05-17T14:00:00.000-07:00

Ephesus Destination and Maps

2009-05-17T13:34:00.000-07:00

Transportation

You can reach to Ephesus İzmir Aydın highway. 3 km distance from the city of Ephesus in Selcuk, Kusadasi outgoing path from the left (after the Temple of Artemis) of Ephesus signs from the mall (at the same time the way the way the Seven Sleepers) is entered. A point in the intersection of important roads Selçuk is possible to provide access to many bus companies. Go to the bus station in Selcuk Ephesus there minübüsler special to your vehicle until you go to Ephesus also need to see that short distance is a lot more notice. You can rent a bicycle from the center of Selçuk or the half-hour walk through to reach Ephesus. However, only 1 km away from Ephesus to the landing of small aircraft Efes Airport is available to departure.

View Larger Map

Ephesus Documentary

2009-05-17T13:30:00.000-07:00

Today from Ephesus Ancient Age, Ancient city of the most important three Ephesus, Pergamum and Sardis is introduced in this documentary. Derived from three major cities of Western Anatolia, the findings that ancient era, the political, economic and cultural history to understand, has become an important guide.

For Download:
http://rapidshare.com/files/28104071/i_Efe__-_ler_.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/28108265/i_Efe__-_ler_.part2.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/28112232/i_Efe__-_ler_.part3.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/28156283/i_Efe__-_ler_.part4.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/28159792/i_Efe__-_ler_.part5.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/28163605/i_Efe__-_ler_.part6.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/28167266/i_Efe__-_ler_.part7.rar

Rar Password:azeri

Ephesus-Selcuk

2009-05-17T13:13:00.000-07:00

İzmir Province in the border town of Selcuk of the founding of the ancient city of Ephesus BC Year 6000 to be known as the Neolithic Period in Cilalı up to the Stone Period. In recent years, research and excavations around the burial mound of Ephesus (the date before the settlement hill) and hilltop castle in the Bronze Age and Hittite Ayasuluk placements were for. The name of the city of the Hittites Date Apasas'tır. BC In 1050 immigrants from Greece to live in the port city of Ephesus, BC Temple of Artemis, was moved around in 560 years. Today, Ephesus is visited, BC by Alexander the Great's generals from Lysimakhos Was founded in 300 years. Hellenistic and Roman age living in the most glorious periods Ephesus, Asia, the state capital and largest port city of 200,000 people as the population had. Ephesus, Byzantine Era changed again and the first time, was established places Ayasuluk Hill in Selçuk has come to. Taken by the Turks in 1330 and is supposed Aydınoğulları'nın Ayasuluk, 16th century from increasingly began to shrink, the Turkish Republic in 1923 after the organization took the name of Selcuk, and today has a population of 30,000 is a place for tourism.

Efes

Which is one of the world's most important center of ancient Ephesus, BC Civilization until the outgoing 4.bine history, science, culture and art in the field has always played an important role.
East and West (Asia and Europe) between the main gate is an important port city of Ephesus was. This position of the most important era of Ephesus as the development of political and trade center in Asia and the Roman era to be the capital of the state has provided.
However, its importance in ancient times only to Ephesus as a center of trade and capital growth is not beholden to occur. Anatolia's oldest anatanrıça (Kybele) based on the tradition of the great temple of Artemis cult Efes'de takes place. This temple is one of the seven wonders of the world are considered.
Has changed many times throughout history where ruins of Ephesus a wide spread area. Spread to an area of approximately 8 km ² in the ruins of-excavations and restoration work arrangements have been made for the part that is open to visitors.

1 - Ayasuluk Hill (3rd thousand BC to the early settlement date with the most belong to the Byzantine era, the great importance for the Christian world St. Jean Church),
2 - Artemision (9-4 BC. Century, an important religious center of the world, one of the seven wonders of the Temple of Artemis)
3 - Efes (Archaic-Classical-Hellenistic-Roman and Byzantine Period placement),
4 - Selcuk (Seljuk, Ottoman and location of these settlements that host, the modern city of today is an important tourism center),
As an important center of civilization in ancient times an average of 1.5 million people in Ephesus today's visit is an important tourism center.
British Museum on behalf of the first archaeological excavations in Ephesus JT Was started in 1869 by Wood. This study aimed to find Wood in the famous Temple of Artemis, after the year 1904 DG Hogarth continued. Today, working as the first excavations in Ephesus of the Austrians in 1895 was initiated by Otto Benndorf. Archaeological Institute of Austria 1st and 2 During World War interrupted the work has continued uninterrupted since 1954.
Ephesus, as well as the work of the Institute of Archeology in Austria since 1954 the Turkish Efes Museum Ministry of Culture on behalf of the excavation, restoration and editing work.
More than 100 years is a long ongoing work with this on the one hand, the date of Ephesus and the Anatolian archeology gained new dimensions of scientific results are obtained, on the other hand, the results of excavations reveal the important buildings and monuments have been restored to raise and with the environment is organized.
Ephesus Museum in recent years by the excavations of

1 - Çukuriçi Höyüğü: Magnesia gate is located in the southwest. According to the findings obtained from BC 4. From prehistoric settlements to go until the bin was removed.
2 - Excavation of Ayasuluk Hill: Castle in the south-eastern slopes are underway. The findings obtained in the BC-ray In the year 3500 is.
Efes Museum
T.C. On behalf of the Ministry of Culture in Ephesus of archaeological research, regulation, control and protection work is responsible for the Ephesus Museum, Ephesus and in the vicinity of Mike, Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk and Ottoman era to the important works of art, as well as cultural activities and visitors capacity is also one of Turkey's most important museums.
After the first archaeological excavations in Ephesus in 1929 founded the warehouse functions, expanded in 1964 with the construction of a new chapter in the Ephesus Museum after the exhibition changes and continuously developed new attachments.
An ancient city of Ephesus Museum's works of the exhibit primarily due to the museum instead of a chronological and merchandising tipolojik place according to the findings of work has been exhibited to be preferred. Accordingly, tobacco and Home Buluntuları Hall Hillside House, Coins and the Treasury Department, Graves Buluntuları Hall, the Hall of Artemis, the emperor was held as Kült Salon. In addition to this hall into a museum and garden in the middle of the various architectural and decorative sculpture garden, and in line with the works are exhibited. Two large statues of Artemis, Eros head, Yunus with Eros statuette, head of Socrates, Ephesus Museum are some of the world known famous works.
Efes Museum collection are in the works currently, about 50,000. This number continues each year as a result of the archaeological excavations revealed the work or the environment through public donations to art and museum collections are becoming rich. This works for a short time in the service of science and humanity of the world to submit ideas in the Ephesus Museum "New Buluntular Hall" was created. However, the rooms do not always feel, in other rooms of the new findings show that in the light and modern museology should be renewed as appropriate.
In accordance with this understanding of Hillside House & Home Shop in Buluntuları groups together a new exhibit organized by the findings is intended to establish the integrity issues. Shop daily life in each age people in the essential requirements that medical and cosmetic instruments, jewelry, weights, illumination tools, music and fun finds and weaving tools examples of domestic cult and decorations used in the statue runs into your pocket, the emperor and god sculptures, busts and furniture are on display. In a section of the room from Ephesus Terrace House "Socrates Room" a room known as the frescoes, mosaics and decorations of furniture in a variety of models with photo-düzenlenmiştir.
Museum Museum of Ephesus, Ephesus and Selçuk to visit the new arrangements as a result of new section drop;

1 - Arasta and Bath Department: Museum adjacent to the middle of the garden, a museum created in the integrity of the old Turkish town life and get lost in the trade tend to live in a variety of handicrafts are exhibited. Dependent on agriculture played a significant role in local life, the grain milling system (mills) and different types of development; gözboncuğu construction of copper and the Turkish tent section of the exhibition in the old Turkish building and the 16th century have been restored for the exhibition of Ottoman baths in the area were assessed.
2 - Ayasuluk Library: Ephesus Museum in the back streets of an old Turkish building (14th century) was restored by the museum and the neighborhood people can read daily newspapers or books and given a small library functions.
3 - Visually Handicapped Museum: Efes antique shop one of the restoration of the Agora is converted into a museum to see engelilerin travel. This section consists of two copies and original works are exhibited in the museum.
Cultural and Educational Activities
Efes Museum District, as well as ordinary people of museology and archaeological activities around the cultural and educational activities are also organized. These activities;

Conference of Ephesus and the environment as main issues discussed archeology conferences are held constant.
Exhibitions: Efes Museum art gallery in statues and pictures of various contemporary art as works of art are displayed continuously, so the link between ancient and contemporary art works and 21 are provided century, a contemporary art collection that can be transferred is made.
Seminars: Efes Museum each year by the protection of relics, especially the children of Ephesus and the ancient civilization of training seminars for the Ministry of Culture held from time to time, all Turkey museum training courses for museum professionals and the excavation results, meetings are held.
Efes is also örenyerinde permanent exhibitions.

• In Kuretler Street "Baharatçı Shop" exhibition
• Down in agoras "How established Ancient Cities" exhibition are available.
Isabey Mosque
Damascus in 1375 by architect Ali Aydınoğullarından Isa Bey is built into the mosque, has an important place in Turkish art history.
St. Jean Church
It was built by Byzantine Emperor United Iustinianus. Be one of the greatest buildings of the period, the six-domed church in the center, bottom, Hz. Christ's favorite disciple St. Jean's grave was found. There are treasures in the north building and vaftizhane.
Kale
The castle is closed to visitors in the glass and are water cisterns.
Temple of Artemis
Is one of the seven wonders of the world. Ancient world's first temple was built of marble. Size, 105 x 50 m. and other frontline Artemis (Mother goddess) temple facing west is like.
Seven Sleepers
Was brought into the church of the Byzantine Period in the grave where, from the late Roman emperor, persecution of pagans by the time of Decius seven Christian youth who escaped the cave of refuge on the slopes of the mountain is Panayır.
Virgin Mary
Christ's mother Mary, after Jesus died St. Jean came to Ephesus, and with the last years of life lived here.
Magnesia Gate and East Gymnasionu
Is the east gate of the walls around you Efe. Besides the gymnasion, Rome is Çağının school.
Upper Agora and the Basilica
Was built by Emperor Augustus, the official meeting place and the stock market transactions.
Odeion
Is closed in on the time of construction for the city council meetings and concerts were given. It has a capacity of 1400 persons.
Prytaneion
The city, the city symbolizing the immortality of the fire is burning no chops. Shop around, as the gods and the emperor was a statue. Museums here have the statue of Artemis, and then was brought to the museum. Buildings next to the city's official guest was leaving.
Domitianus Meydanı
To the south of the Square, on the terrace was built by Emperor Domitianus a temple on behalf of the people of Ephesus and the gallery has inscriptions in Ephesus. In the East, and possibly the hospital structure, Pollio Fountain, Monument is located in the north Memnius on the street.
Heracles Gate
This is done at the end of the Roman period doors have made pathway Kuretler the street. Forces of God because of the front is named Herakles relief.
Traianus Fountain
Street is one of the two-storey monument. Gold stands in the middle pillar of the Emperor Trainus'un statue symbolizes the sphere to the world.
Hillside Houses
Have been built on terraces in multi-storey house in the city's wealthy lived. Mosaics in the floor of the house, walls are frescoes and marble plates.
Bath and Public Toilets
Romans are the most important social structure. Cold, warm and hot parts are available. Has been repaired in the Byzantine Era. The public toilet in the middle of the pool structure, but also is used as a meeting place.
Hadrianus Temple
Emperor Hadrianus name, was built as a memorial temple. Korinth and friezes in regular institutions of Ephesus which is the legend.
Oktogon
It is a monumental tomb for his sister Kleopatra'nın.
Heroon
The name of the legendary founder of Ephesus Androklos is a fountain structure. The front part was changed in the Byzantine Period.
Celcus Library
Both the library and has undertaken as a grave monument. The book rolls, structures within, were stored in niches in the wall. Front between 1970-1980 has been restored.
Agora South Gate
Library ago, the Emperor Augustus was built on time.
Marble Street
Ranging from street theater to the Library Square.
Agora
110 x 110 m. open mid-size, is surrounded by shops, portikler environment. The city was the commercial and cultural center.
Great Theater
24,000 people capacity, the largest theater in the ancient world. Very ornate and three-storey stage building was completely destroyed. Seating steps are three sections.
Harbor Street
Would provide the link to the port city of Ephesus. 600 m. length on the street in the city's monuments were made Christianity Period.
Theater Gymnasionu
Both schools have the greatest structures and functions and baths part of the yard is open. Thespian here to order the restoration of the marble pieces were.
Harbor Bath
The large structure is the end of a group of Harbor Street. A section was excavated.
Mary Church
Hz. It is the first church was built on behalf of Mary.
Palace Construction, Stadium Street, Stadium and Gymnasion
Parking in the eastern part of the part of the Byzantine palace and the street has been restored. Stadium, sports games and competitions in the ancient era of the place. Age also was made in the late Roman gladiator games. Stadium next to the bath-school gymnasion is complex.

Hadise - Düm TEk Tek Eurovision 2009 Moscow

2009-05-14T18:27:00.001-07:00

Tourism Offices

2009-05-14T08:39:00.000-07:00

AUSTRIA
Singerstrasse 2/8
A-1010 Wien / AUSTRIA

Tel: 43 1 5122128 - 5122129
Fax: 43 1 5138326
Email: office@turkinfo.at
Web: www.turkinfo.at

AZERBAYJAN
Samet Vurgun Küçesi No:94
370 000 Bakü / AZERBAYCAN

Tel: 99 412 498 19 96
Fax: 99 412 498 74 07
Email: fgedikli@azeronline.com

BELGIUM
Rue Monteyer
41040 Bruxelles / BELGIUM

Tel: 32 2 513 8230 - 5022621
Fax: 32 2 511 7951
Email: tourisme.turc@busmail.net

CHINA
Unit S 118 Office Building Beijing
Lufthansa Center No: 50 Liang Ma Qiao RoadBeijing
100016, P.R CHINA

Tel: 86 10 64638032 - 64638034
Fax: 86 10 64638035
Email: info@turkishtourism.com.cn
Web: www.turkey.org.cn
www.traveltoturkey.com.cn

DENMARK
Vesterbrogade 11 A1620
Copenhagen / DENMARK

Tel: 45 33 223100 - 228374
Fax: 45 33 229068
Email: turkishtourism@mail.tele.dk
Web: www.tyrkietturisme.dk

EGYPT
15 Abu El Feda Street No 14
ZAMALEK CAIRO/EGYPT
Postal Code :11211 Tel: 00202 2 737 40 08
Fax: 00202 2 737 40 09
Email: cairoculturandtourism@yahoo.com
cairoculturandtourism@gmail.com

FINLAND
Mikonkat 6 C
1800100 Helsinki / FINLAND

Tel: 358 9 6829150
Fax: 358 9 666061
Email: turkki@turkki.fi
Web: www.turkki.fi

FRANCE
102 Champs-EIysees
75008 Paris / FRANCE

Tel: 33 1 45627868
Fax: 33 1 45638105
Email: info@infosturquie.com

GERMANY- FRANKFURT
Baseler Str. 37
60329 Frankfurt / GERMANY

Tel: +49 69 233 081 - 82
Fax: +49 69 232 751
Email: info@reiseland-tuerkei-info.de
Web: www.reiseland-tuerkei-info.de

GERMANY-BERLIN
Rungestr. 9
10179 Berlin / DEUTSCHLAND

Tel: 49 30 2143752 - 2143852
Fax: 49 30 2143952
Email: info@tuerkei-kultur-info.de
Web: www.goturkey.com

GREAT BRITAIN
29-30 St .James's Street,
London SW1A 1HB UNITED KINGDOM

Tel: 44 20 7839 7778 - 7839 7802 - 7733
Fax: 44 20 7925 1388
Email: info@gototurkey.co.uk
irfan@gototurkey.co.uk
Web: www.gototurkey.co.uk

INDIA
50 - N, Nyaya Marg, Chanakyapuri
New Delhi 110021 INDIA

Tel: 91 11 26889053 - 26889054
Fax: 91 11 26881409

IRAN
Ferdowsi Aveneue No: 337
P.O.Box: 11365 / 3758
Tehran 11444 - IRAN

Tel: 98 21 33950303 - 35951181 - 82
Fax: 98 21 33950678
Email: goturkiye@parsonline.net
Web: www.gototurkey.ir

ISRAEL
I, Ben Yehuda Str.
63801 Tel Aviv / ISRAEL

Tel: 972 3 5176157 - 5171731
Fax: 972 3 5176303
Email: info@gototurkey.co.il turktrsm@netvision.net.il
Web: www.gototurkey.co.il

ITALY
Piazza della Republica,
5600185 Roma / ITALY

Tel: 39 06 4871190 - 4871393 - 4820856
Fax: 39 06 4882425
Email: turchia@turchia.it
office@turchia.it
Web: www.turchia.it

JAPAN
2-33-6 Jingumae Shibuya-Ku
Tokyo 150-0001 JAPAN

Tel: 81 3 3470 - 6380 - 3470 8890
Fax: 81 3 3470 - 6037
Email: tokyo@tourismturkey.jp
Web: www.tourismturkey.jp

KAZAKHSTAN
Dostik 105, 6.kat, ofis 601 / A
Almati / KAZAHSTAN

Tel: 7 327 259 76 73
Fax: 7 327 259 73 86
Email: almatikulturtanitma@yahoo.com

KYRGYZSTAN
Bokonbaeva 104 / A720001
Biskek / KIRGIZISTAN

Tel: 996 312 62 72 17
Fax: 996 312 66 25 22
Email: infoturkey@list.ru
gunaykiraci@yahoo.com

MACEDONIA
Bulevar Marks - Engels No:7, Kat:1 St.7
1000 Skopje R. Üsküp / MACEDONIA

Tel: 00 389 2322 79 18
Fax: 00 389 2322 79 14
Email: uskupkulturtanitma@hotmail.com

MALAYSIA
lot 0.2 - 0.3 Ground Floor Bangunan Angkasa Raya Jalan AMpang
50450 Kuala Lumpur / MALAYSIA

Tel: 60 3 20784060 - 20704084
Fax: 60 3 20782030
Email: turkishtourismoffice@yahoo.com.sg

NETHERLANDS
Hofweg 1 C,
2511 AA, Den Haag / HOLLAND

Tel: 31 70 3469998 - 3467767
Fax: 31 70 3644468
Email: ttoinfo@planet.nl
Web: www.welkominturkije.nl

PAKISTAN
Diplomatic enclave
Islamabad / PAKISTAN

Tel: 92 51 2270547
Fax: 92 51 2274546

POLAND
Ul. Krakowskie Przedmiescie 19/1
00-071 Warszawa - POLAND

Tel:+ 48 22 826 62 88 - 89
Fax: +48 22 826 62 86
Email: info@turcja.org.pl
Web: www.turcja.org.pl

RUSSIAN FEDERATION
1.Tverskaya Yamskaya 23
PARUS Business Center Office No: 15
Moskova 125047 / RUSSIA

Tel: 7 495 7211945
Fax: 7 495 7211946
Email: nbatmaz@yahoo.com
alperozkan1975@yahoo.com
Web: www.go-turkey.ru

SAREJOVA
Skenderija 4
71000 Sarajevo / BOSNA HERCEGOVINA

Tel: + 387 33 550 760
Fax:+ 387 33 550 761
Email:sarajevoculture@gmail.com

SAUDI ARABIA Turkish Embassy Tourism and Information Office
URUBA ROAD NO:373/2

RIYAD/SAUDI ARABIA
Tel:00 966 14 60 51 46
Faks:00 966 12 15 30 68

SINGAPORE
Turkish Embassy Information Counsellor's Office 20 -B Nassim Rd.
SIGNAPORE 1025

Tel: +65 732 8571, 732 9702
Fax: +65 732 8032
Email: sintur@pacific.net.sg

SOFIA
Bulvar Vassil Levski No:80
SOFIA

Tel: 359 2 9355500
Fax: 359 2 9819358
Email: culture.info.turkey@gmail.com

SPAIN
Plaza de Espana, N1, Torre de Madrid Planta 13,
oficina 328008 Madrid /ESPANA

Tel: 34 91 5597014 - 5597114
Fax: 34 91 5476287
Email: turquia@telefonica.net
Web: www.turismodeturquia.com

SWITZERLAND - ZURICH
Kultur- und Tourismusbüro Türkei
Stockkerstrasse 55,
CH-8002 ZURIH

Tel:00 41 44 221 08 10 / 12
Fax:00 41 44 212 17 49
Email: info@tuerkei-info.ch
Web: www.tuerkei-info.ch

SYRIA
Rawda Square Al-Jala'a Avenue Dawaci Building Nr: 1
Abu Rummanah Damascus / SYRlA

Tel: 96 311 3346970
Fax: 96 311 3346970 - 3339243
Email: Sam-ktm@scs-net.org
fethiyildirim@gmail.com

SWEDEN
Kungsgatan 3
111 43 Stockholm / SWEDEN

Tel: 46 8 6798320 - 6798321
Fax: 46 8 6113828
Email: info@turism.turkemb.se
Web: www.turism.turkemb.se

TAJIKISTAN
15. Rudaki Str. 734025
Dusanbe / TAJIKISTAN

Tel: +992 372 214 504
Fax: +992 372 510 026
Email: dusanbekultur@yahoo.com.tr

TURKMENISTHAN
Sevçenko Cad. No: 41/A
Askabat / TURKMENISTHAN

Tel: 99 312 273527
Fax: 99 312 273532
Email: kulturtm@gmail.com

UKRAINE
Ulitsa Fyodorova 12 No:5
01005 Kyiv - UKRAINE

Tel: 380 44 5810992 - 5810993
Fax: 380 44 5810991
Email: infokiev@binet.com.ua

USA - LOS ANGELES
5055 Willshire Boulevard Suite 850
Los Angeles CA 90036 / USA

Tel: +323 937 8066, 323 937 4961
Fax: +323 937 12 71
Email: la@tourismturkey.org
Web: www.tourismturkey.org

USA - NEW YORK
821 United Nations Plaza
New York N.Y.10017 U.S.A

Tel: 1 212 6872194 - 95 - 9490470
Fax: 1 212 5997568
Email: ny@tourismturkey.org
Web: www.tourismturkey.org

USA - WASHINGTON
2525 Massachusetts Avenue
N.W. Washington DC 20008 U.S.A.

Tel: 1 202 6126800 - 6126801
Fax: 1 202 3197446
Email: dc@tourismturkey.org
Web: www.tourismturkey.org

UAE - DUBAI
Dubai World Trade Center Bldg, 8th floor, P.O.Box: 9221
U.A.E / Dubai

Tel: +971 4 331 8662 - 63
Fax: +971 4 331 7317
Email: ttodubai@gmail.com
cul_tour@emirates.net.ae

UZBEKISTAN
Y.Gulamov Ko'chasi No:87
Taskent - 70047, ÖZBEKiSTAN

Tel: 998 71 2331460
Fax: 998 71 2321517
Email: taskentkulturm@hotmail.com
Web: www.tashkentkultur.uz

Informaiton for Didim

2009-05-14T08:17:00.000-07:00

Didim beautiful tourism vacation spot, the better, some sun, sand and sea are in the Aegean region. It has a rich history. An ancient Temple of Apollo, Didim is one of the most sacred places. However, in a fire many times looted, the Sanctuary is still elegant beauty. Prophecy prophecy in ancient times, a large temple dedicated to the sun, where the god Apollo. The former Destiny 'is a very strong belief in their own destiny as an oracular god Apollo, saw.

Not so this archaeological site, the most beautiful beaches of Altinkum sailing, swimming and relaxation tempts visitors. Rabbit nose and other beaches in Didim Akbuk Beach is located. Bafa Lake, Turkey's is among the most important ornitology field.

Size Priene, an ancient city, Miletus geometric plan, designed by architect Hippodamos by the largest building in the south will see extra for. World trade center and a large and important ancient Miletus and development, scientific and otherwise, as the idea has been realized here.

Altinkum

Altinkum Didim is the most popular beaches. This means Golden Sands' and the sand and the color is actually yellow gold. The azure sea is very clear. Altinkum Didim and otels centers, restaurants, bars and shoping are many.

Didim beautiful tourism vacation spot, the better, some sun, sand and sea are in the Aegean region. It has a rich history. An ancient Temple of Apollo, Didim is one of the most sacred places. However, in a fire many times looted, the Sanctuary is still elegant beauty. Prophecy prophecy in ancient times, a large temple dedicated to the sun, where the god Apollo. The former Destiny 'is a very strong belief in their own destiny as an oracular god Apollo, saw.

Outside the other beaches in Didim Altinkum, there is the rabbit nose and Akbük. Rabbit nose is extraordinary sunset. Bafa Lake, Turkey's is among the most important ornitology field.

Size Priene, an ancient city, Miletus geometric plan, designed by architect Hippodamos by the largest building in the south will see extra for. World trade center and a large and important ancient Miletus and development, scientific and otherwise, as the idea has been realized here.

Daha Büyük Haritayı Görüntüle

Useful İnformation For Travel Turkey

2009-05-14T07:48:00.000-07:00

Visa:
While planning your trip to Turkey do not forget to check your passport if it is valid for at least 90 days. Depending on your nationality, most probably your stay as a tourist is limited up to 3 months (for one entrance). For tourist visas, there is no need to apply in advance or to fill in any forms. If you are flying to Turkey, you will buy your visa at the Turkish airport on arrival. You will see the visa desk, situated just before passport control. You must buy your visa, which will be stamped on your passaport by the official, before you join the queue for passport control. The visa for UK passport holders currently costs £10 and must be paid for with a Sterling note. The visa for other EU state-passport holders currently costs € 10 and must be paid for with a Euro note. Visas are multiple entries and are valid for three months. Each passport-holder, including infants, must purchase a visa. With tourist visas you will not have the right to take up paid or unpaid employment or to reside, or to study (including student exchange program) or to establish yourself in business in Turkey.

For more detailed information click here.

Duty Free:
It is permitted to bring the following items into Turkey as duty free goods: Wines, Tobacco & Other Luxury Items. The following allowances apply to the import of both domestic and foreign goods: 200 cigarettes (1 Box) and 50 cigars. Plus: 200 grams tobacco and 200 cigarette papers or 200 grams pipe tobacco or 200 grams chewing tobacco or 200 grams tobacco for argyle or 50 grams snuff. In addition to the above allowances, it is also possible to purchase 200 cigarettes, 100 cigars and 500 grams pipe tobacco in the Turkish Duty Free Shops when entering the country.
The following may also be imported: 1.5 kg coffee; 1.5 kg instant coffee; 500 go teas; 1 kg Chocolate; 1 kg Confectionery; 1 (100 cl) or 2 (75cl or 70 cl) bottles of wine and/or spirits; cologne, lavender water, perfume, essence and lotion (120 ml maximum of each).

Valuables:
In order to avoid any problems when leaving the country it is recommended that you register valuable items at the customs office on entry to Turkey. All personal belongings and articles made of precious stones or metals (with no commercial purposes) worth under USDS 15,000 may be brought into and taken out of the country. Jewellery worth more than this amount may only be taken out of the country providing it has been registered on entry or that you can prove that it was purchased in Turkey with legally exchanged currency.

Other Customs Regulations:
Please note that the information provided above is intended to cover items usually carried by tourists visiting Turkey. If you are planning a longer stay or are carrying anything unusual into or out of the country, it is best to check the regulations in more detail.

Electronic Equipment:
One black-and-white television; one colour TV (up to 55cm screen); one pocket colour TV up to 16cm screen; one black-and-white television-radio-tape (combination); one video recording camera and 5 video tape cassettes (blank); camera with eight mm (with ten blank films); one slide machine; pocket PC (Up to 128MB Ram); compact disc player; one portable radio and radio-tape (the properties of the radio-tape will be determined by the undersecretary.); one walkman or small tape-recorder; Game Boys without cassettes and cartridge; record, cassette or compact disc maximum of 5 for each; GSM-Pocket phone (With SIM cards) will be permitted to pass through Customs.

Sports Equipment:
Two partitioned camping tent; one diving suit for underwater diving sports (The quality and efficiency of the suit to be determined by the undersecretary.); glider (a pair); one boat; one surfboard with sailing equipment for water sports; flippers (one pair); other personal belongings one apiece (except for sea motorcycle and sledge); chess set; draughts set; five packs of playing cards will be permitted to pass through Customs.

Tax Refund:
You Can Receive a Tax Refund for the Goods You Purchased In Turkey! Refunds will be made to travellers who do not reside in Turkey. All goods (including food and drinks) are included in the refunds with the exclusion of services rendered. The minimum amount of purchase that qualifies for refund is 5.000.000 TL.

Retailers that qualify for tax refunds must be authorised for refund. These retailers must display a permit received from their respective tax office. The retailer will make four copies of the receipt for your refund, three of which will be received by the purchaser. If photocopies of the receipt are received the retailer must sign and stamp the copies to validate them. If you prefer the refund to be made by check, a Tax-Free Shopping Check for the amount to be refunded to the customer must be given along with the receipt. For the purchaser to benefit from this exemption he must leave the country within three months with the goods purchased showing them to Turkish customs officials along with the appropriate receipts and/or check.

There are four ways to receive your refund:

- If the retailer gives you a check it can he cashed at a bank in the customs area at the airport

- If it is not possible to cash the check upon departure or if you do not wish to cash it then, the customer must, within one month, send a copy of the receipt showing that the goods have left the country to the retailer who will, within ten days upon receiving the receipt, send a bank transfer to the purchaser's hank or address

- If the certified receipt and check are brought back to the retailer on a subsequent visit within one-month of the date of customs certification, the refund can be made directly to the purchaser

- Retailers may directly refund the amount to trustworthy customers upon purchase. The refund may be made by the organisation of those companies that are authorised to make tax refunds.

Medical Items:
Beds belonging to the ill passengers; motorised and non-motorised wheelchairs; drugs for personal treatment; gas mask and similar protective clothing (maximum 2 pieces) will be permitted to pass through Customs.

Other Items:
One portable typewriter; one camera (plus maximum 5 films); one pram for each child passenger; one bicycle for each child passenger; toys for child passengers (maximum 10); pocket calculator with battery; one iron (with or without steam diffusion); 1 x 1.5 metre seccade (prayer rug) made from wool, cotton or synthetic fabric); one pair binoculars (except night binoculars); one table clock; one gas stove will also be permitted to pass through Customs.

Motorist Rules:
Those who wish to enter the country with their vans, minibuses, automobiles, station wagons, bicycles, motorcycles, motorbikes, sidecars, buses, motor coaches, trailers, caravans or other transport vehicles, will have to provide the following documentations:- Passport - International driving license - The Identification Card - Car license - International green card (Insurance card) - The TR sign should be visible - Transit book Carnet de passage (for those who want to proceed to the Middle East) - Car license Document, where all details related to the car and the owner's name are registered, are to be used. If it is a vehicle of someone else, a power of attorney should be provided. Period: the vehicle can be brought into Turkey for up to 6 Months. The owner should declare on the opposite form, the date of departure at the border gate and should absolutely leave the country at the date declared. If for any important reason the staying period has to be ended, it is necessary to apply to the below addresses before the end of the period declared.

The Turkish Touring and Automobile Club (Türkiye Turing ve Otomobil Kurumu)
1. Sanayi Sitesi Yani, 4.Levent, Istanbul
Tel (212) 282 81 40 (7 lines); Fax (212) 282 80

or The General Directorate of Customs (Gümrükler Genel Müdürlügü)
Ulus - Ankara
Tel (312) 310 38 80, 310 38 18; Fax (312) 311 13 46

In Case of Accident:
the accident should be reported to the police or gendarme. That report has to be certified by the nearest local authority. The owner should apply to the customs authority with his passport and report.If the vehicle can be repaired, it is necessary to inform the customs authority first and take the vehicle to a garage. If the vehicle is not repairable and if the owner wishes to leave the country without his vehicle, he has to deliver it to the nearest customs office, and the registration of his vehicle on his passport will be cancelled. (Only after the cancellation can the owner of the vehicle leave the country.) Following an accident, you can telephone: Trafik Polisi (Traffic Police), Tel 154; Jandarma (Gendarme), Tel 156For more information, contact the Touring and Automobile Association of Turkey.

Formalities for Private Yacht owners:
Yachts require a Transit Log and may remain in Turkish waters for up to two years maintenance or for wintering. For further information and regulations contact the marina concerned.Upon arriving in Turkish waters, yachts should immediately go for control of the ship to the nearest port of entry which are as follows: Iskenderun, Botas (Adana), Mersin, Tasucu, Anamur, Alanya, Antalya, Kemer, Finike, Kas, Fethiye, Marmaris, Datça, Bodrum, Güllük Didim, Kusadasi, Çesme, Izmir, Dikili, Ayvalik, Akçay, Çanakkale, Bandirma, Tekirdag, Istanbul, Zonguldak, Sinop, Samsun, Ordu, Giresun, Trabzon, Rize, Hopa.Port Formalities: All the required information concerning the yacht, yachtsmen, members, intended route, passports, customs declarations, health clearance, and any obligatory matters must be entered in the Transit Log.The Transit Log is to be completed by the captain of a yacht. Generally, it is necessary to contact the Harbour Authority before leaving. For information on tax-free fuel, contact the Marina Harbour Office.
Note: Provided you possess an official marina license, you may take petrol at no charge.

Currency & foreign exchange:
Turkish Lira is available in the following denominations: Banknotes: 1, 5,10,20,50 &100 TL Coins: 1, 5, 10, 25 & 50 kuruş and 1 TL . Usually, cash can be exchanged without charging commission in exchange offices, banks or hotels. (Travellers from UK should remember that Scottish notes are not accepted in Turkey)
Cash point machines (ATM) are available in most areas, which accept major European credit and cards and give instructions in English. It may be a good idea to inform your bank in advance that you are travelling to Turkey as some will automatically put a stop on cards after the first usage in an attempt to combat fraud.
Exchange rates are published daily in Turkish newspapers. If you are planning to exchange currency back from TL before leaving the country, or are making a major purchase, which may need to be declared to customs, you will need to keep your transaction receipts in order to show that the currency has been legally exchanged.

Language:
The official language is Turkish. English and German are widely spoken in major cities and tourist resorts, and you will find that most Turks welcome the opportunity to practise their language skills and will go out of their way to be helpful. Foreign visitors who attempt to speak even a few words of Turkish, however, will definitely be rewarded with even warmer smiles.

Some useful words and phrases:
Hello··· Merhaba (mare-hah-bah)
Good Morning··· Günaydin (goon-eye-din) (said on meeting)
Good Day··· iyi günler (ee-yee goo -n-ler) (said on meeting or parting)
Good evening··· iyi akşamlar (ee-yee ak-sham-lar) (said on meeting or parting)
Good night·· iyi geceler (ee-yee gedge -e-ler) (said on meeting or parting)
Please··· Lutfen (lute-fen)
Thanks·· Tesekkürler (tesh-e-kiir- ler)
Yes·· Evet (e-vet)
No··· Hayir (higher)
I want··· istiyorum (ist-ee-your-um)
When?··· Ne zaman? (nay za-man)
Today·· Bugün (boo-goon)
Tomorrow·· Yarın (yah-run)
Where?·· Nerede (ne're-de)
My name is.......·· ismim......(is-mim)
Water·· su (sue)
Milk·· slit (suit)
Beer··· bira (beer-a)
Wine··· Şarap (shar-ap)
Tea·· cay (ch-eye)
Coffee·· kahve (car-vay)
Food··· yemek (ye-meck)
Be careful!·· Dikkat!

Numbers
1· birr (beer)
2· icy (icky)
3· üç (ouch)
4· dört (dirt)
5· beş(besh)
6· altı (al-ter)
7· yedi(yea-dee)
8· sekiz (seck-is)
9· dokuz (dock-uz) 10· on (on)

Days of the Week:
Monday·· Pazartesi
Tuesday··· Salı
Wednesday·· Carşamba
Thursday·· Perşembe
Friday·· Cuma
Saturday·· Cumartesi
Sunday·· Pazar. There are a number of phrase books and language guides, some with audio cassettes or CD's, which are widely available.

Drugs:
Please note that bringing into or out of the country, together with consumption of, marijuana and other narcotics is strictly forbidden and is subject to heavy punishment. If you have prescribed medication, which you need to take on holiday with you, you will need a doctor's note and/ or a copy of your prescription..

ID Cards and Passports:
Turks have compulsory ID cards, which they must carry with them at all times. Foreigners are also expected to carry such ID with them, which means that you should keep your passport with you at all times. In case you loose your passport, you should immediately contact your country's embassy or consulate in Turkey.

Police:
There are two types of police in Turkey - civil police and military police, gendarme. In many areas you will see that there is the one or the other, and that both fulfil the same function. In some places, there are also specialist tourist police. If you need to report a crime you should go to the nearest police station to where the crime occurred. In touristic areas there will usually be someone available, who speaks English or you can always request a translator. You will usually be asked to submit and sign a statement. It is advisable to request a copy of any relative document in case you need it at a later stage.

Telephone calls:
To dial abroad from Turkey, dial the international code 00 followed by the country code, and then the number including the local area code, but removing the first 0. For example, a London number with an area code of 0207 would be dialed from Turkey as 00 44 207 followed by the number. To dial Turkey from abroad dial the international code 00 followed by the country code, 90 and then the number including the local area code, but removing the first 0. For example, a Fethiye number with an area code of 0252 would be dialled from abroad as 00 90 252 followed by the number.
There are public phone booths which accept cards or tokens (jeton) which can be bought from post offices (PTT) or local shops. Network coverage is extremely good and it is very rare to be in an area where your mobile does not work.

Mobile Phone: A mobile (cell) phone is very useful in Turkey. As foreigner, it is probably impossible to use a mobile phone in Turkey, even a new SIM-card is purchased from a Turkish mobile phone company. Several years ago, the Turkish government passed a law requiring all mobile phones used in Turkey to be registered with the government. Not just the SIM card, but the handset itself. Registration helps prevent terrorist acts. Turkish and foreign visitors are entitled to bring one mobile phone into Turkey each calendar year for use during their stay in Turkey. A personal mobile phone brought into Turkey in this manner is exempt from tax and duty. However, it is necessary to register the mobile phone in order to use it with a SIM card bought from a Turkish network operator. Unregistered phones will be blocked and unable to receive or make calls. There is no charge levied for this registration, and no customs documents are required. Take your mobile phone and your passport to a shop of a Turkish Network Operator (Avea, Turkcell or Telsim). Buy a SIM card, and the clerk will register the SIM card's mobile phone number with your handset's IMEI number, and with your personal information.

Emergency Numbers
Emergency 112
International Operator 115
Directory Assistance 11811
Reversed Charge Calls 131
Police 155
Gendarme 156
Fire Department 110

Driving:
You can drive in Turkey with an international driving licence. You should have a copy of this, together with your passport and insurance documents with you in the car at all times, as you will need it if you are involved in an accident. All of the major international car rental companies, as well as a number of local ones, have offices at airports and all major centres. Driving in Turkey is on the right, as in continental Europe.
Turkish road signs conform to the International Protocol on Road Signs and archaeological and historic sites are indicated by yellow signs. Turkey has a good network of well-maintained roads. There is a 50 km per hour speed limit within urban centres and 90 km outside urban centres. Petrol stations are fairly easy to rind and on main highways, they are often open 24hrs and have restaurants and other facilities attached. Unleaded (kurşunsuz) petrol is easily available. If you are planning on driving to Turkey, as well as your passport, you will need to take your international driving licence, car registration documents and international green card (insurance card) with the TR sign clearly visible (NB: This can be purchased on arrival at the border). You can bring your own car into the country for up to six months. If you wish to keep your car in Turkey for more than six months, you are liable to pay import tax.

Public Transport:
The preferred means of transport in Turkey is by coach and the air-conditioned intercity coach services are comfortable, fast and inexpensive. Each town has a bus station (otogar), where each bus company has its own office, where you can make reservations and buy tickets. Alternatively, you can buy tickets from local travel agencies.

Disabled Travellers:
If you have any queries relating to any-special needs for your holiday, it is best to check direct with us and/ or your tour operator before booking your holiday. The resorts which are located in relatively flat areas and are therefore, better suited to wheelchair users are: Marmaris, Icmeler, Dalyan, Fethiye/ Kaş Beach, Side. Anyone who has difficulty in walking should certainly avoid resorts on steep hills such as Kalkan and Tuning. Obviously, hotel locations vary so do check before booking. Some of the newer and larger hotels have rooms specifically designed for wheelchair users, however, even where hotels do not have specific facilities they will usually try their best to be helpful by, for example, allocating a ground floor room. Many Turkish resorts and cities are not planned for wheelchair access, which can make life difficult, however, you will find that Turks always try their best to be helpful and will gladly improvise to find a solution.

Medical Treatment:

You will need to pay for any medical treatment which you receive in Turkey. For this reason it is advisable to take out medical insurance before travelling. It is not difficult to find English-speaking doctors in all but the most remote areas. There are also foreign run hospitals in many of the larger towns and resorts. You can find a list of hospitals on the British Consulate in Turkey website: http://www.britishembassy.gov.uk There are pharmacies in most places with trained pharmacists who are able to offer advice on minor illnesses. Many more medicines are available over the counter.

Tourist Health:
Turkish Tourist Health Society (Turizm Sagligi Dernegi)
(Hacettepe Üniversitesi Tip Fakültesi Plastik ve Rekonstrüktif Cerrahi Ana Bilim Dali, Sihhiye)
06100 ANKARA
Tel (312) 311 93 93, 310 98 08

Turkish Tourist Health Society perfoms the functions below: To provide the travellers in the entire country, mainly in the touristic regions, with proper health care

To secure food hygiene

To prevent environmental pollution

To ensure hygiene and healthy working-conditions in touristic establishments

Post Office Services:
Turkish post offices are easily recognizable by the yellow and black 'PTT' signs in front of them. Major post offices are open from 08.30-17.30 Monday to Friday. In addition to selling stamps and telephone tokens and cards, some post offices will also exchange cash as well as international postal orders and travellers' cheques. There is also an express postal service (APS) operating to 90 countries for letters, documents and small packages. A wide variety of special stamps are available in all PTT centers for philatelists.

Official Holidays/Working Hours:
Working Hours: Offices and banks are generally open from 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM from Monday to Friday, with a break between 12:00 to 1:30 PM

National / Official Holidays in Turkey: Apr 23 National Sovereignty and Children's Day (anniversary of the establishment of Turkish Grand National Assembly)
May 19 Atatürk Commemoration and Youth & Sports Day (the arrival of Atatürk in Samsun, and the beginning of the War of Independence)
Aug 30 Victory Day (victory over invading forces in 1922)
Oct 29 Republic Day (anniversary of the declaration of the Turkish Republic)
Ramazan Bayramı / Sugar Feast :Three-day festival when sweets are eaten to celebrate the end of the fast of Ramazan. (A Moslem moveable feast) (The dates of these religious festivals change according to the Muslim lunar calendar and thus occur 12 days earlier each year.)
Kurban Bayramı / Sacrifies Feast : (A Moslem moveable feast) Four-day festival when sacrificial sheep are slaughtered and their meat distributed amongst the poor, neighbors and within the family

Other Information:
Children:
Family is very important to Turkish people, and you will find that children are welcomed everywhere, which makes for a very relaxing and enjoyable holiday. It is perfectly normal for even very young children to eat out in the evening with their parents. Many restaurants do provide high chairs, and those that don't seem to be very good at improvising. Formula milk and nappies are easily available, although if you want a specific brand, then it is probably best to take it with you. It is not always easy to find baby food in jars, but restaurants and hotels are very accommodating and will usually be pleased to puree food for you. Again, if your child is used to a specific brand it may be better to take it with you. UHT milk is widely available in small cartons, with a straw, which is useful for toddlers and older children. Most hotels will provide cots if these are requested in advance. These can vary quite widely in standard, however, so it is a good idea to check in advance what type of cot is being provided and whether or not it is suitable for your child, some have lower sides than those common in the UK, for example, so are fine for a baby but not suitable for a more mobile toddler. Children's car seats are still seen as a luxury item in Turkey but most tour operators and car hire companies will be able to provide them for you on request. You should not, however, assume that this will automatically be the case. Most of the large hotels have children's clubs and are able to arrange babysitting services. There are also some tour operators who provide these services. In general, Turks and Turkey have a welcoming, relaxed approach to children and will go out of their way to be accommodating and helpful. As long as you are flexible you should have no problems.

Museums:
Most museums and palaces are open every day of the week except Mondays. There are a few notable exceptions: Topkapı Palace is closed on Tuesdays instead of Mondays; Dolmabahçe Palace is closed Mondays and Thursdays and the Chora Church is closed on Wednesdays. For further information on museums visit: www.kulturturizm.gov.tr

Antiquities:
Please note that it is strictly forbidden to export antiquities or antiques from Turkey and there are severe penalties for those who attempt to do so. In order to export such items legally it is necessary to obtain a certificate from a directorate of a museum. For further information visit: www.kulturturizm.gov.tr

Climate:
The Marmara, Aegean and Mediterranean coasts display a typical Mediterranean climate of hot summers and mild winters. July and August are the hottest months with temperatures around 29°C. The humidity is a little high during summer in these regions. Temperatures increase a few degrees when traveling to the south and water temperatures also become warmer. The swimming season is from June to September along the Marmara and North Aegean coasts, while it is from April to October on the South Aegean and Mediterranean coasts.The Black Sea Region has a moderate climate; the summers are warm and winters are mild. In this region the rainfalls are heavier than in any other region. The swimming season in the Black Sea Region is from June to early September and the weather is not so dependable. There is quite a difference between the coastal regions and the inland regions which are at higher altitudes. The climate reaches its extremes in central and eastern Anatolia with hot, dry summers when the temperatures may reach 42°C, and cold, snowy winters. Spring and autumn are best for sightseeing and traveling.

Electricity :
Those who use 110 V or any other than 220 V at home need a converter as Turkey has 220 V power system. Please check your electric appliances before you use them in your hotel room. Only the five stars deluxe properties would have converters so it is advised to bring one with you in case it is needed.

Water:
Although tap water is chlorinated and, therefore, safe to drink, it is recommended that you consume bottled water, which is readily and cheaply available.

Food matters in Turkey:
Sanitation is taken seriously and strictly controlled in general by the authorities. Those who are vegetarian will be able to find vegetable food or at least omelet which is very popular in Turkey, almost in every town. The Turkish and Ottoman Kitchen is one of the world leading kitchens (Supposed to be the third after the Chinese and French). Dishes are mainly cooked with meat (lamb, chicken and cow -please note that in Turkey pork is not eaten-) and vegetables (Beans, Eggplant, Peppers, Onion, Garlic, Potatoes, Courgette). Rice, macaroni , local specialties made from flour (Pide, Manti, Gozleme, Borek...), sweets (Baklava, Kadayıf, Burma, Sobiyet ...) are all widely eaten. Most of the restaurants display their food in windows, or waiters can bring the samples if you request.

Weights and Measures

1 inch = 2.54 centimeters

1 centimeter = 0.3937 inches

1 yard = 0,9144 meters

1 meter = 1.0936 yards

1 mile = 1,6093 kilometers

1 kilometer = 0.6214 miles

1 pound = 0,4536 kilograms

1 kilogram = 2.2046 pounds

Tipping:

At various establishments like hotels, restaurants, Turkish baths, barbers and hairdressers, tipping at a rate of 5% - 15% of the total is common. Taxi and 'dolmus' drivers on the other hand, do not expect tips or even rounded fares. Visiting a mosque:

Five times a day, the 'müezzin' calls the faithful to prayer in this mosque. Before entering a mosque, Muslims wash themselves and remove their shoes. Foreign visitors should also remove their shoes and show the respect they would have to any other house of worship and avoid visiting the mosque during prayer time. Women should cover their heads and arms, and not wear miniskirts. Men should not wear shorts. (In certain famous mosques, overalls are provided for those not suitably dressed.)

On Exit:
For valuable gifts and souvenirs, such as a carpet, proof of purchase is necessary, together with receipts showing that any currency used in its purchase has been legally exchanged. Please note that it is strictly forbidden to export antiques from Turkey. Minerals can only be exported with a special document. There is no limit to the amount of foreign and Turkish currency to be brought into Turkey. Up to US$5000 worth of Turkish or foreign currency can be taken out of the country, providing that it can be shown that the currency has been obtained from authorised banks. Larger amount of foreign or Turkish currency must be transferred abroad through banks.

Do you know them?

2009-05-14T07:38:00.000-07:00

1. World's second largest mosaic museum, is located in Antioch. Sumer 5000 years ago the first time when they use the walls of the house spend with their pottery pieces created in the most beautiful examples of this technique, it is possible to encounter around Anatolia. Antakya mosaic museum in a much more Gaziantep, Zeugma in.

2. Two continents in the world (Europe and Asia) was established on a single city is Istanbul. Istanbul, 3 great empires in history thousands of years (Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman), reached the capital.

3. Neolithic Period belong to one of the oldest settlements as defined in the first house architecture and history, the first sacred structure, such as the first landscape picture of humanity's place in the first field with the original findings shed light on the history of civilization, Çatalhöyük, Central Anatolia region of Turkey in Konya cities in the county and visitors Cumra is very affecting.

4. Izmir Ephesus Artemis `te tapinagi the architecture is great. But JT Wood in 1869-1874 of the temple in 1904-1905 in the David G. Hogart` found during excavation work in the ruins of the British Museum is `a taking. Goddess Artemis` e MO temple is dedicated 800 years of Halicarnassus mausoleum by the Carian queen Artemisia in memory of his wife between the years of MO 355 and 340 was built.

5. First para, in Turkey's Aegean Region, near the town of Manisa province Salihli by the Kingdom of Lydia Sardis'te BC capital 7. been printed at the end of the century.

Name is the Turkish word 6.Turkuaz color and Turkey's southern Mediterranean coast inspired by the excellent color is derived.

7. Coffee, first to Istanbul from Yemen in the 16th century has brought. Turkish culture, Turkish coffee is prepared in the manner of a ritual 17th century all Europe was recognized. Turkish coffee-drinking by celebrities like the Balzac, Moliere, Alexandre Dumas, Victor Hugo and have names such as Pierre Lotti. Coffee drinking is still an important part of Turkish culture, and gained appreciation of all the world is a special drink.

8. Tulip flowers in Turkey to the Netherlands, V. Kanuni Sultan Süleyman sent to Charles'ın ambassador by Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq is introduced. After the coming of the Netherlands and England in tulip bulb tulip to grow as part of a great interest. This interest has increased by up to 1634 last year and this period 'to Growing Tulip Madness' has been named as. 17. century in Turkey, aesthetics and recreation in the intensive is known as the Tulip Period.

9. The world's most valuable silk rugs, Mevlana Museum in Konya is located at. Marco Polo, 13 century during the trip was visiting here, then travel the best and most beautiful in the world you see here is the kilimlerinini.

10. Today, the cave known as St. Peter's Church, Christ's disciple, one of 12 visited Antioch when St. Peter's sermon is given. The earliest place of worship for this is Christianity is known as. Papal authority, in the year 1963 the world's first cathedral here and Christians as the place to be pilgrims have been declared.

11. Anatolia, powerful Phrygian King Midas, the father of history, and disciple of St. Paul Heredot born of many historical figures were located. Of Pennsylvania Museum archaeologists, in 1957 opened the grave of King Midas and the oldest in the world and have found some of the best-preserved furniture.

12. Known today as Santa Claus or St. Nikola, was born in Patara in Turkey's Mediterranean coast, Myra (Demre) has served as Bishop. Aziz 65 years old when Nikola'nın on December 6 and is believed to kill Demre'de, held each year within the framework of the commemoration ceremonies and activities all over the world children are fraternal embrace.

13. Early period of Christianity in Anatolia, has occurred with many important events. St. John, St. Paul and St. Peter during the life and worship has lived in South Anatolia. St. John after Jesus's crucifixion, the Virgin Mary and the Virgin Mary was admitted to the city of Ephesus, by the end of life on the slopes of Bulbul Mountain has lived in a small stone houses. This house, now accepted as Christians by the Virgin Mary pilgrimage center Evi'dir.

14. Setup-time and then the great flood mentioned in the Old Testament Kerim and according to legend, Noah's Ark, the water is drawn to the mountains in Eastern Anatolia pain was multiplied. Throughout the centuries scientists, to find the remains of Noah's Ark on the slopes of the mountain made the excavations.

15. 7 churches mentioned in the entire New Testament in-Ephesus, Simirna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia and is located in Laodika-Anatolia.

16. Three in one from the right religion to organize and spread the Christian religion in Anatolia was an important role
Important to the Christian religion which was held in Anatolia Konsiller'in all.

1) İznik Council, M.Ş. 325

2) Istanbul Council, M.Ş. 381

3) Ephesus Council, M.Ş. 431

4) Kadıköy Council, M.Ş. 451

5) Istanbul 2nd Council, M.Ş. 553

6) Istanbul 3rd Council, M.Ş. 680-681

7) İznik Council, M.Ş. 787

8) Istanbul 4th Council, M.Ş. 869-870

17. The subject of the famous poet Homeros'un Destanı İzmir'li Troy Troy Troy War of the historical places of Turkey's western province of Çanakkale, Tevfikiye is located near the village. Today, erected in memory of the legendary battle at the symbolic board, cezbe mankind for centuries from the mystical, mythological epic, and a romantic atmosphere and unique history of Troja to feel the charm is an invitation to travel.

18. Closest to the real one of the first world map drawn in 1513 the cartographer, Piri Reis is famous Turkish captain. Piri Reis's map, only Europe, Asia, Africa and parts of America are discovered, but later become aware of the existence of the piece of land is included. The famous book 'God in the car Erich Van Daniken, Piri Reis's map of reality to be surprisingly close,' misfirlerin help from the universe 'and has announced.

19. Hz. İbrahim, Hz. Eyyüp, Hz. Ilyas and Hz. Yakup yaşadığı Sanliurfa as the prophet of 'City of Prophets' as is. Accepted as a sacred "Balıklı Lake" is located in this city

Hadise - Eurovision 2009 Moskova

2009-05-11T21:47:00.000-07:00

Bodrum Photograph

2009-05-11T21:39:00.000-07:00

Bodrum İn Turkey

2009-05-11T21:33:00.000-07:00

Bodrum

Our country's name is mentioned in the basement most of the holiday resorts. This most famous of Bodrum, Bodrum Halicarnassus Fisherman and there spent a large part of the year housing tutup writer - to draw presentation owes. The many stories and novels in Bodrum, Bodrum has explained numerous poems and songs. Increasing fame, the fame, the crowds increased in Bodrum a famous poet, author, artist, or is likely to encounter. Bodrum's fame is not only here but of course ...

Sponger and love of the sea captains and fishermen and white badanalı homes, houses with walls wrapped in purple-flowered Begonvil, but not in the surrounding bays and the most ardent gündoğumuna pull it out at night reputation adds to the reputation of Bodrum.

Bodrum is not only a religion in order. Holidays always fun to participate. Is divided into two vacation days in the basement. Put into the sea during the day is a blue, bright sun and night preparing to religion is in bitterness. The stars in the sky and graced the set of the day a new life when the call is heard. It is not possible to listen to this call congestion. Bodrum is the night that the call ...

Coastal neck, surrounding villages and coves, white-shore badanalı houses are stacked on the streets, the slopes are ready for the night in the restaurants. Anyone find a place in the basement according to your own heart to spend the evening. There is also a fisherman tavern, pizzeria, too. There are places that are later chapters, rock music too ...

Bardakçı
Between Bodrum and Gumbet at sea to enter Bardakçı dark suit, is a bay away from the crowds and noise. Yachts and boats daily work is the place to connect.

Gumbet
Just over the county seat Gumbet Bodrum, the hotel is the concentration area. Gümbet'in name, many in the region comes from the white damlı cistern. City center is the nearest and most popular beach and the crowds are growing in a short time Gumbet. Bars, restaurants and entertainment places, and each day a little more Bodum'a competitors to replicate. Bodrum's night life for those who want to participate in the full 24 hours of work in summer.

Water sports are very suitable for water sports centers Gümbet'te Bodrum Peninsula are the most popular.

Bitez
With clean sea and beaches in the next Gümbet'in Bitez is one of Bodrum's beautiful beaches. Bodrum Peninsula in the vicinity, even the best place to surf in Bitez Turkey. Unlike the calm and peaceful environment in the basement and Gümbet'in to punctuate the night Bitez is a good choice.

Ortakent
The longest beach of Bodrum Ortakent Yalısı'dır Yahşi. 12 km away from Bodrum center. with other parts of the peninsula by the sea Ortakent much is clear, and so are rewarded with blue flag. Back to Bodrum road is full of citrus orchards in the villages of Ortakent life still continues.

Turgutreis
Turgutreis Bodrum center is the largest settlement. Turgut Reis great sailors in the name of the captain from the area of town also have a statue. Turgutreis the front fork of the island, the winds favorable for surfing, with coolness and hotels suitable for every budget competitor to Bodrum. Around the advanced agricultural Turgutreis'te as tangerine, fig and grapes are abundant. Generation of large and small teams on the island Sporat four islands, are ranked in the face of Turgutreis. Kos (the city) and the Greek islands, such as Kalynos is located next to them.

Yalıkavak
City Center 18 km. away Yalikavak, Bodrum is the site of the icons you can see the most yeldeğirmenlerinin. Bodrum Peninsula is the most windy place in the region. Around the Fox thing, Pasha is a beautiful and wide sandy beaches and coves Ağaçbaşı vardır. In early morning and walk back into the sea in rage Cove to is very enjoyable. Morning for a walk about 2 km Yalikavak'ın. in remote villages Sandima choose edilebilir.Yalıkavak 'ta Yalıkavak market was established on Thursday, especially Denizli fabrics are most in demand products.

ALANYA

2009-05-07T20:03:00.001-07:00

With its vast beaches, historic sites, the innumerable fish restaurants of its modern hotels and motels and its cafes and bars, Alanya, is an outstanding holiday getaway.

The first thing that greets the visitor is the 13th century Seljuk Castle,which sits like a crown on top of the Alanya Peninsula. Besides the impressive castle, there is the shipyard and the Red Tower (Kizil Kule) with monumental beauty. All along the road which runs beside the port are latenight cafes and bars and boutiques selling handicrafts, leather clothing, jewelry, handbags and local gourds painted with extraordinary colors.

If you like to explore caves, then you must see Damlatas Cave. Near the cave is the Ethnography Museum. By boat you can reach three other caves: the Phosphorous Cave with its phosphoric rocks, Girls Cave (Kizlar Cave), where pirates held their women prisoners, and Lovers Cave (Asiklar Cave). The cool shade of Dim Brook Valley, 15 km east of Alanya, is an ideal place to get away and relax. The sea all around Alanya is excellent for swimming. Alanya is a paradise of sun, sea and sand.

History

Based on skeletal evidence found between the villages of Bademagaci and Oba northeast of the city, Alanya is believed to have been inhabited in pre-historic times.Alanya was sometimes considered part of Cilicia and sometimes part of Pamphilia. It was later ruled by the Hittites and Romans respectively. In a bad state of repair after a number of invasions and wars, the city was rebuilt by the Romans. In the Byzantine era, Alanya was called Kolonoros, which means the 'beautiful mountain'.

Climate
Because of its climate, plants from all over the world can be found in Alanya. Some of the most common are oranges, bananas, vegetables of all kinds, tropical fruits from South Africa and India such as papaya, guava, avocado and a variety of dates and coffees. Alanya has a typical Mediterranean climate with wet humid winters and hot dry summers. The average temperature year-round is 19ºC. The water averages 21ºC.

History & Heritage
Alanya - Hamaxia

View Larger Map
Hamaxia In the Elikesik village located on 6 km. north-west of Alanya. Within the borders of Pamphylia Region. Known as Sinekkalesi by public. Strabon mentions that the timber used in ship building was ... Read More
Alanya - Iotape
Iotape Located on 33rd km. of Alanya-Gazipasa highway. The antique city got its name from Iotape, wife of Antiochus 4 of Kommagane king(A.D. 38-72). The city printed its owner coin during the period from ... Read More
Alanya - Laertes
Laertes Settled down on skirt of Cebel-i Reis mountain elevating at the entrance of Dim valley on Taurus Mountains. About 25 km. away from Alanya. The nearest village is Gozukucuk. In the border of the ... Read More
Alanya - Syedra
Syedra Located on about 20th km of highway between Alanya and Gazipasa, within border of Seki village. The city is entered through a monumental door still remaining on the west of the town. There are several ... Read More
Alanya Ataturk House Museum
Antalya - Alanya Ataturk House Museum On 18 February 1935, the founder of the Turkish Republic, the great leader Ataturk visited Alanya. The house that he stayed in and rested in for a while was donated ... Read More
Alanya Museum and the Ruins
THE ALANYA MUSEUM AND THE RUINS The History of Alanya The first settlement of Alanya was on a small peninsula with the Taurus Mountains on the north, the Mediterranean on the south. As it was on a line ... Read More
Alanya the fortress and the dockyards
Name of Property Alanya Geographical Location 36 32'N-31 59' E Located on the southern coast of Turkey.Description Alanya situated in the eastern part of the Gulf of Antalya is 137 km away from Antalya ... Read More

Alanya-Dim Cavern

Dim Cavern is located within the bounderies of Alanya - Kestel township, towards the south slope of Dim valley, at an altitude of 232 m.

The Cavern is 134 km from Antalya Airport and its distance from Alanya city centre is 11 km. You may gain access to the cavern, by taking the seaside road passing through Kestel township.

Dim Cavern was known for a long time and some parts were used as a sheep fold. During 1986 the cavern was studied geologically and geomorphologically. The Cavern was introduced to the visitors after the conclusion of scientific inspections by MAGTUR Co. in 1998.

This cavern had been named as "Dim Cavern" due to the name of the population living nearby.

The 360 m long path is prepared and illuminated, so as to provide a pleasant excursion offering a tremendous scenary of stalagmites and stalactites to the visitors.

You can observe the continious formation and the calcerous flowers in Pamukkale Hall at the west side of Dim Cavern; as well as the lake located at the southern part.

The environment will offer you all seasons at the same time of year with the snowy peaks of the Taurus Mountains, the clean and warm sea, and the bright sun of the Mediterranean region.

Rafting

2009-05-07T19:47:00.000-07:00

Turkey, with its rich natural resources and hundreds of rivers, provides great opportunities for water sports like rafting, canoeing and water-skiing, while always respecting the cultural, historical and environmental qualities of the country. The most famous is the River Coruh, renowned internationally as one of the fastest flowing in the world, and venue of the 4th World Watersports Championships in 1993 which saw 300 competitors from 28 countries.

Most Famous Rafting Courses of Turkey
Coruh River
The rafting event to be arranged for the first time on the River Coruh, one of Turkey's natural beauties, is going to draw attention to the touristic potential of the Black Sea Region, to the Coruh Valley as well as the natural and historical sites in the vicinity. Originating at the Mescit Mountains (3,225 m) and flowing 466 km before reaching the Black Sea in Georgia, Coruh River is one of the fastest flowing rivers in the world. The small towns and villages located along the river are impressively authentic and interesting historically. The area as a whole represents the synthesis of the cultures of Eastern Anatolia and the Black Sea. Coruh River is frequented by local and foreign sportsmen, who travel each year to this area for canoeing, rafting and trekking in the Kackar Mountains. The best way to reach the summit at Kackar Mountains is via the villages of Yaylalar and Olgunlar. Dilberdüzü makes an excellent campsite. From there proceed to Deniz Lake and the summit at 3,9377 m. Local guides and mules to carry personal belongings may be hired. An alternative route is to the summit is to pass horizontally by Trans-Kackar on one of several trails. The natural habitat of Coruh River remains undisturbed. Colonies of red vultures, which are threatened with extinction, live among the rocks by the riverside. The area surrounding the river is rich in wildlife, including gray bear, mountain goat with hooked horns, wild boar, wolf, jackal, fox, badger, marten, water sable, rabbit, partridge, wild rooster, woodcock, wild duck, stock dove, golden oriole, siskin, fieldfare, pigeon and wood pigeon. As the Coruh passes 150 kms through the province of Artvin, the river cuts through steep and impregnable mountains on its way towards the Black Sea. Course A trip down the Coruh starts at Bayburt, passing through Ispir and Yusufeli and on to Artvin, a distance of approximately 260 kms. Bayburt - Ispir 0-106 km An ideal starting point for the expedition is the Dikmetas Bridge near Bayburt, which has good areas for camping on either side of the river. Aslandede and Laleli also make pleasant campsites. With a class 2-3 water, the trip from Bayburt to Ispir can be completed within three days on average. Approximately 3 kms before arriving at Ispir, the left bank affords a convenient campground. The nearby gas station and the shops in Ispir are useful for reprovisioning. Ispir - Camlikaya 106-134 km Following departure from Ispir ( stabilized road entry: 0 km), one should watch the rapids at 3km, 6.6 km, 7.4 km, and 8 km. The small hut on the left side of the road before arriving at the road junction for Camlikaya at 28 kms makes a good rest stop. Drinking water can be obtained either from the brook flowing from the mountains, located 200 meters ahead on the left side of the road, or from the spring to the right of the transformer station past the concrete bridge at the Camlikaya road junction. Food can be purchased from Camlikaya (4 kms from the road junction). The Ispir-Camlikaya route is class 3-4-5 water. Camlikaya - Tekkale 134-178 km After Camlikaya, rice plantations, vegetable gardens and fruit orchards prevail on the river banks. The river passes by Köprügören at 48 km, coming to the hamlet of Alanbasi at 54 km. It is possible to camp there next to the brook that joins the Coruh on the left bank immediately before the village. Past the concrete bridge, the river becomes rockier, class 3-4-5 water. An old watch tower is visible before arriving at Cevreli. The garden in front of the village primary school, to the right immediately after the concrete bridge, makes a good campsite. There are also places to overnight in Tekkale, 7 km ahead. From Tekkale, guides can take you up the mountains to see the historic Dörtkilise, a medieval Georgian church. Fishermen will enjoy angling for speckled trout (alabalik) in the brook flowing nearby the church. Tekkale - Artvin 178-261 km From Tekkale, the expedition proceeds to Yusufeli, 6 kms away, where accommodations and simple cafes can be found. The Altiparmak, one of the major branches of the Coruh, joins the river close to Yusufeli. As the flow-rate of the river picks up speed, the route becomes increasingly challenging, class 3-4-5 water. Oltu Cayì joins the river 9 km after Yusufeli, near the Artvin-Erzurum highway junction, behind a concrete bridge. The rapids begin 22 km from Yusufeli. This 100 meter stretch of white water, nicknamed "King-Kong", cascades around sharp boulders with breathtaking velocity, making it the high point of the expedition. The water is dangerous here, class 5+ water, so less experienced expeditions should not plan to cross this section when the river is high. A large concrete sign inscribed with the letters EIE to the left of the highway identifies this section of the Coruh. Expeditions can make camp 33 km before Zeytincik, stopping to pick up any necessary provisions in the village. At 43 km, the river enters a narrow 3 km long canyon class 3-4. The gas station and inn at Oruclu, at 57 km, provides a convenient finish for the trip. Boats can be pulled on shore here and there are a few rustic rooms and a cafe. Artvin is 20 km further on from Oruclu, with mostly class 1-2 water. Some groups prefer to extend the route right through to Artvin.

Altıparmak (Barhal) River
General Information
Altiparmak (Barhal) river, located in the province of Artvin, emerges from the southern side of the Kackar Mountains and runs about 40 km to join the Coruh river 2 km south of Yusufeli. The Altiparmak flows through a strikingly beautiful valley enveloped by high mountains. Recommended for canoeing and rafting, the river has a high flow-rate year round because of the run-off of melting snow. The valley is rich in wildlife. Proximity to the Kackar Mountains, one of the best areas in Turkey for trekking, makes the Altiparmak a favorite of sportsmen. The basin of the Altiparmak can be reached by Yusufeli via Artvin or Erzurum. Ögdem Creek joins the Altiparmak 6 km from Yusufeli. The town of Sarigöl is located 19 km from Yusufeli and is accessible by a stabilized gravel road. The neighborhood of Deftise, situated about 1.5 km beyond Sarigöl, is distinguished by wooden two-story houses built in traditional Black Sea style. Edged by dense green forests, these picturesque houses and the misty summit of the Kackar Mountains above create a very beautiful panorama. The village of Altiparmak (Barhal) is accessible from Sarigöl via a narrow, 12 km long road. People in Altiparmak village are very hospitable and pleasant and simple inns accept guests. This village serves as one of the main campsites on the climb up Kackar Mountain. A stabilized road leads to Yaylalar, 24 km beyond Altiparmak village. The Artvin Kackar Tourism Center is located to the west of Yaylalar. Course The pretty hamlet of Deftise, north of Sarigöl, provides the best starting point for canoe and raft expeditions down the Altiparmak, which runs approximately 22 km from this point to the junction with the Coruh. The run is class 3-4. The riverbed is rocky, and special care needs to be taken when the river is low. Three km from Sarigöl, the ruins of an old fortress can be seen. The citadel of Bahceli is visible to the right of the creek before reaching Yusufeli, after crossing the concrete bridge located near the junction of Ögdem creek and the Altiparmak. The run may be completed either at Yusufeli or 2 km ahead, before the Altiparmak flows into the Coruh River. May through August are the best months to plan a canoe or raft trip on the Altiparmak.

Fırtına River
General Information
Firtina River is interesting not only for the arched bridges spanning it and the tea plantations that line its banks but also for the traditional costumes of the local population. Formed by a number of streams on the Black Sea side of Kackar Mountains, the Firtina runs 57 km long through verdant countryside until it flows into the Black Sea about 2 km west of Ardesen, Rize. The arched stone bridges crossing the water add to the beauty of the Firtina, which is recommended for river sports along the following course.

Course

The town of Camlihemsin is located 22 km to the south of the Rize-Ardesen road. The Course begins approximately 1 km to the south of Camlihemsin (0 km). Paddlers should be cantious of boulders at 5 km and dangerous passages at 7 km, 8 km and 9 km. The Duygulu Falls located on the western slope at 12 km are lovely. The course finishes at any convenient point before the Firtina reaches the Black Sea. The 23 km long course is very rocky, rating a hardship degree of 3-4-5 in places depending on the speed of the water. Extra caution is required during heavy rains. The Firtina is recommended for river sports all year round.

Rivers in the Central and Eastern Mediterranean Region
Köprücay River
General Information
Emerging from the Toros (Taurus) Mountains and running through a number of amazing canyons, Köprücay flows into the Mediterranean Sea to the south of Serik. Fed by underground springs in gorges that cut through steep, impassable canyons, the Köprücay constitutes one of Turkey's most beautiful natural recreation areas. The numerous archaeological sites in the area, especially the ancient city of Selge (Zerk), the fortresses on the banks of the river, arched Roman bridges and historic roads add to the significance of the Köprülü Canyon. Köprücay is reached from Antalya via Serik, Tasagìl and Beskonak. Those coming from Manavgat can reach Beskonak via Tasagìl. The asphalt road to Beskonak follows the Köprücay in places. Köprülü Canyon National Park covers 36,000 hectares, including part of Köprücay and the ancient city of Selge. As well as being Turkey's largest forest of Mediterranean Cypress, the National Park is also rich in red-pine, black-pine, cedar, fir, oak and wild olive trees. The wild animals in the region include fallow deer, wild goat, wild boar, bear, wolf, fox, rabbit and various bird species. One can find red speckled trout in the upper reaches and gray mullet in other parts of the Köprücay.

Course
Approximately 100 m before the Oluk Bridge, the water is still and the river forms a pool. This is a good spot to start your trip and gives unexperienced crew time to get used to the rowing technique. The bridge is reached by paddling against the current. Less experienced groups usually enter the canyon from the Oluk Bridge, while professionals may do so either from the falls near the start or from the Oluk Bridge, turning around further ahead to start the trip. The course continues after passing the falls and leaving behind places with class 2-3. The falls along the river add to the beauty of the landscape. After each waterfall the Köprücay slows down, giving time to enjoy the majestic setting. A concrete bridge appears 10 km down the river. Novices should complete their journey immediately before this bridge. Experienced sportsmen can continue into the first canyon after the concrete bridge, but the second canyon is strickly off limits since the river runs under rocks in paces. After disembarking at the end of the first canyon, which is about 3 km long, walk on the left bank to reach an asphalt road.

Manavgat River
Manavgat River flows 90 km from the eastern slopes of the western Toros (Taurus) mountains, passes over hard conglomerated strata, forms the Manavgat Falls and then enters the coastal plain to empty into the Mediterranean Sea. In the spring, the waters of the Manavgat run full and clear, augmented by underground springs in the canyons it passes through, until the river's force is interrupted by the Oymapinar Dam.The upper reaches of the Manavgat can be reached by taking the Manavgat-Alanya highway to the east and turning north towards Akseki 10 km after passing the town of Manavgat. Four kms before Akseki, turn off towards Ibradi to reach the Sahap bridge, the starting point for river sports. Among the many caves in the area, the most interesting is the Altinbesik cave discovered by geologist Dr. Temucin Aygen. Annual explorations have extended the known part of this cave to 2,200 m. The cave contains fascinating lakes, stalactites and stalagmites. The area is excellent for mountain biking, trekking and cliff parachuting in the vicinity of Irbadi and Ormana. The area also hosts a large population of wild goat, wild boar, rabbit, red legged partridge and many other birds.

Course
The selection of a starting point in Manavgat River is determined by the level and velocity of the water. Under favorable conditions, the start can be made near Sahap bridge in the vicinity of Ibradi. River sports on the Manavgat are dangerous for novices. Groups should be accompanied by professionals and a local guide. The best place for rafting and canoeing on the Manavgat is the 19 km stretch between Sahap bridge and the village of Sevinc, where the river cuts steep, sometimes impenetrable gorges through the canyons.

1st canyon
The river flows swiftly through the first canyon situated between Sahap bridge and Altinbesik cave, augmented by an underground spring 500 m before the canyon. Padelling here is a memorable adventure. Those who do not wish to enter the second canyon may disembark near Altinbesik cave. From there, a path leads to the village of Ürünlü in the west and to Mentesbey in the east.

2nd canyon
The second canyon is accessible from Altinbesik Cave. Banked by impregnable cliffs, this canyon stretches to the village of Sinanhoca. At the end of the canyon, the riverbed widens, providing a rest area and disembarkation point. The falls prior to Sinanhoca, located towards the end of the second canyon, are very dangerous. The waters flow underneath and on both sides of a huge boulder. This part must be portaged.

3rd canyon
The third canyon begins after Sinanhoca, the river passes through several falls before it exists the canyon near Sevinc, completing your trip down the Manavgat. This course runs through three canyons and involves passing through smaller and bigger class 3-4-5 waterfalls. As soon as the sound of the falls is heard, the group must stop ashore to determine the best passage. When passage is impossible, canoes should be carried on shore or guided by rope, resuming the course after skipping the dangerous part. The river slows down between the falls, providing an opportunity to admire the natural grandeur of the area. When traveling through the canyons, there are moments when it is impossible to see the sun even at noon. During breaks, the beauty of the untouched environment and the gurgle of bubbling underground springs are unforgettable. If the water level is too low for canoeing in the vicinity of Sahap bridge, gear can be carried to the area around Altinbesik cave via Ürünlü, and the course resumed from there.

Anamur (Dragon) River
General Information
Anamur (Dragon) River originates as an underground river from the Catalyatak, Yellice and Kizcagiz hills on the slopes of the Toros (Taurus) mountains. The underground spring erupts in several geysers close to the village of Sugözü, spraying water hundreds of meters high. The water level of the river is highest in spring, falling in summer. North of its source, enclosed basins and chasms can be seen. The 35 km long Anamur river is joined by the Kas, Masat and Gökce streams before flowing into the Mediterranean Sea through a deep river bed. The surrounding mountains of Anamur are covered with red-pine, black-pine, cedar, fir,juniper and oak trees. Wild goat, wild boar, wild sheep, wolf, jackal, wild duck, wild goose, partridge, eagle, falcon, peregrine falcons and hawks live in the higher altitudes, and speckled trout populate the waters running through the forest. Course Anamur Cayi is suitable for canoeing and rafting. The best place to start an expedition is at the junction of Kilic creek, finishing at the historic Alaköprü bridge 10 km to the south. The start of the course is accessible by a stabilized road that runs 15 km to Caltibükü from the junction at of the Anamur-Ermenek highway. When setting out from here, one should watch for stones and tree roots in the water. Generally class 1-2 water has some class 3 rapids when the water is high.

Göksu River
General Information
The Göksu is the most important river in the province of Icel, originating in two branches from the Central Toros (Taurus) mountain range. The southern branch starts at Geyik Mountains, and the other branch at Haydar Mountains. These two branches unite to the south of Mut to form the Göksu river. The 260 km long river forms a delta between Tasucu and Silifke as it flows into the Mediterranean. The river forms lagoons at Akgöl and Paradeniz on the coast between Silifke and Tasucu. The Göksu Delta is regarded by the International Council for Bird Protection (ICBP) as a major bird refuge in Europe and the Middle East. More than 300 bird species inhabit the Göksu Delta. It is the primary reproduction area in Turkey for reed rooster, summer duck, flamingo, heron, pelican, ruddy shelduck, francolin, spurred pewit, long legged marsh swallow, Izmir kingfisher, bee eater, mustached reed nightingale and the white throat warbler. The Göksu Delta has also a special significance for being one of the few remaining areas in the world where sea turtles (caretta caretta, chelonias mydas) and the blue crabs (callinectes sapidus) lay their eggs. The Environmental Protection Department of the Ministry of Environment has declared the Göksu delta as a Special Environmental Protection Zone to protect the environment against pollution and exploitation, and to ensure that natural resources and cultural assets are transferred to future generations without being spoilt. Furthermore, as one of the best preserved wetlands in the world, the Göksu Delta is expected to be included in the list of the Ramsar Convention for Wetlands of International Importance signed by 45 countries, including Turkey. Wild goat, wild boar, partridge and rabbit inhabit the mountains in the Göksu basin. There lower slopes are covered with laurel bushes, oleanders and brushwood.Sandalwoods, mastic trees, Margosa trees, furze and holly oak trees start at 500 m and red-pine forests above 1,000 m. Course The wide river bed of the Göksu is suitable for all types of river sports, with class 1-2. Its calm waters are recommended for beginners.

The 90 km section between Derincay and Degirmendere is the best place for river sports in the Göksu River. Derincay is reached by the road heading west 3 km north of Mut on the Karaman-Silifke highway. The 14 km section between the bridges near to the villages of Kislaköy and Kargicak features short canyons and an interesting landscape. After passing this section, the course may be completed near Degirmendere.

Antalya-Koprulu Canyon National Park
Location: The park is in the mountains 49km northeast of Antalya.

Transportation: Koprulu Kanyon National Park is in the Manavgat district of the Antalya province. The road along the coast from Antalya to Manavgat then passes through Tasagil and Beskonak.

Highlights: The Kopru River is ideal for rafting and camping, with trees along one side of the bank. It forms a valley between the villages of Bolasan and Beskonak, the walls of which are as high as 100m, and at 14km is the longest canyon in Turkey. Pine, cypress and cedar trees form the ecosystem of the area, and the Mediterranean cypress forest, at 400 hectares wide, is the most significant flora characteristic in the park. Hunting in the area has meant that the number of species of animals has decreased, and now the most significant wildlife includes deer, mountain goats, bears, foxes, wolves, rabbits and badgers. There are plenty of trout in various branches of the River Kopru. Apart from the natural beauty, other places of interest include the ruins of the Roman city of Selge, 12km away.

The site still has the remains of a theatre, agora, temples of Zeus and Artemis, and cisterns. The Oluk and Bugrum bridges connect the remains of the ancient stone road connecting Selge to Pamphlia.

Facililities: The River Kopru is an important area for watersports, and is ideal for rafting. Camping is also popular along the shady riverbanks, and there is food available.

Ankara Photograph

2009-05-06T18:34:00.000-07:00

Mosque Wallpaper II

2009-05-05T17:49:00.000-07:00

Mosque Wallpaper and Photograph

2009-05-05T17:44:00.000-07:00